Dofuor Aboagye Kwarteng, Kumatia Emmanuel Kofi, Chirawurah Jersley Didewurah, Ayertey Frederick
Department of Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana.
Department of Phytochemistry, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akwapim, Ghana.
Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2022 Jul 23;2022:9195753. doi: 10.1155/2022/9195753. eCollection 2022.
Malaria and trypanosomiasis are protozoan diseases which pose a devastating challenge to human health and productivity especially, in Africa where their respective vectors (female mosquito and tsetse fly) abound. Various medicinal plants are used to treat these parasitic diseases. However, the scientific basis of their use and toxicological profiles have not been assessed. We have, therefore, evaluated the antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, and cytotoxic activities of four African medicinal plant extracts namely, leaf (AML), leaf (APLE), stem bark (THBE), and stem bark (AMSBE) extracts in vitro against (W2mef laboratory strain), (GUTat 3.1 strain), and mammalian RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, respectively. The most active antiplasmodial extract was AML (IC = 5.0 ± 0.08 g/mL with SI of 21.9). THBE also, produced the most effective antitrypanosomal activity (IC = 11.0 ± 0.09 g/mL and SI of 10.2) among the extracts. In addition, none of the extracts produced toxic effect in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line except APLE which was moderately cytotoxic and also produced the least SI in both antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial assays. These results suggest that AML and THBE could offer safe and alternative therapy for malaria and trypanosomiasis. This is the first study to report the antitrypanosomal and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of these four plants/plant parts. The cytotoxicity of the plant parts used is also being reported for the first time except for the stem bark.
疟疾和锥虫病是原生动物疾病，对人类健康和生产力构成了毁灭性挑战，尤其是在非洲，它们各自的病媒（雌性蚊子和采采蝇）大量存在。各种药用植物被用于治疗这些寄生虫病。然而，其使用的科学依据和毒理学特征尚未得到评估。因此，我们评估了四种非洲药用植物提取物，即叶提取物（AML）、叶提取物（APLE）、茎皮提取物（THBE）和茎皮提取物（AMSBE）对恶性疟原虫（W2mef实验室株）、布氏锥虫（GUTat 3.1株）的体外抗疟原虫、抗锥虫和细胞毒性活性，以及对哺乳动物RAW 264.7巨噬细胞系的影响。活性最强的抗疟原虫提取物是AML（IC₅₀ = 5.0 ± 0.08 μg/mL，选择性指数为21.9）。在这些提取物中，THBE还产生了最有效的抗锥虫活性（IC₅₀ = 11.0 ± 0.09 μg/mL，选择性指数为10.2）。此外，除APLE具有中度细胞毒性且在抗锥虫和抗疟原虫试验中产生的选择性指数最低外，其他提取物在RAW 264.7巨噬细胞系中均未产生毒性作用。这些结果表明，AML和THBE可为疟疾和锥虫病提供安全的替代疗法。这是首次报道这四种植物/植物部位的抗锥虫和体外抗疟原虫活性的研究。除茎皮外，所使用植物部位的细胞毒性也是首次报道。
