McGinley John, Harmon O'Driscoll Jenny, Healy Mark G, Ryan Paraic C, Mellander Per Eric, Morrison Liam, Callery Oisin, Siggins Alma
Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland.
Civil and Environmental Engineering University College Cork Cork Ireland.
Soil Use Manag. 2022 Apr;38(2):1162-1171. doi: 10.1111/sum.12794. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
Pesticides are widely employed as a cost-effective means of reducing the impacts of undesirable plants and animals. The aim of this paper is to develop a risk ranking of transmission of key pesticides through soil to waterways, taking into account physico-chemical properties of the pesticides (soil half-life and water solubility), soil permeability, and the relationship between adsorption of pesticides and soil texture. This may be used as a screening tool for land managers, as it allows assessment of the potential transmission risks associated with the use of specified pesticides across a spectrum of soil textures. The twenty-eight pesticides examined were differentiated into three groups: herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The highest risk of pesticide transmission through soils to waterways is associated with soils containing <20% clay or >45% sand. In a small number of cases, the resulting transmission risk is not influenced by soil texture alone. For example, for Phenmedipham, the transmission risk is higher for clay soils than for silt loam. The data generated in this paper may also be used in the identification of critical area sources, which have a high likelihood of pesticide transmission to waterways. Furthermore, they have the potential to be applied to GIS mapping, where the potential transmission risk values of the pesticides can be layered directly onto various soil textures.
农药被广泛用作一种降低不良动植物影响的经济有效手段。本文旨在制定一份关键农药通过土壤向水道传输的风险排名，同时考虑农药的物理化学性质（土壤半衰期和水溶性）、土壤渗透性以及农药吸附与土壤质地之间的关系。这可作为土地管理者的一种筛选工具，因为它能评估在一系列土壤质地中使用特定农药所带来的潜在传输风险。所研究的28种农药被分为三组：除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂。农药通过土壤向水道传输的最高风险与粘土含量低于20%或砂土含量高于45%的土壤有关。在少数情况下，由此产生的传输风险并非仅受土壤质地影响。例如，对于甜菜安，粘土土壤的传输风险高于粉质壤土。本文生成的数据还可用于识别关键区域源，这些区域源有很高的农药传输到水道的可能性。此外，它们有可能应用于地理信息系统（GIS）绘图，在图中可将农药的潜在传输风险值直接叠加到各种土壤质地之上。
