Rosenberg M J, Rosenthal S M
Am J Public Health. 1987 Jul;77(7):833-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.7.833.
Between 1975 and 1982, the annual number of deaths attributable to pregnancy and childbirth, induced abortion, and contraception in the United States declined from 1,083 to 751. The mortality rates for each of these components decreased by 35,89, and 35 per cent, respectively, and the overall reproductive mortality rate dropped by 35 per cent. The death rate due to pregnancy and childbirth is 25 times greater than that due to induced abortion and eight times more than that to contraceptive-associated mortality. In 1982 nearly 30 million women used contraceptives, while slightly fewer than four million women were pregnant to term. The decrease in contraceptive-associated mortality between 1975 and 1982 probably reflects a combination of safer contraceptives, fewer women using contraceptive methods that may not be safest for them, and an increasing number of sterilizations, which remove women from the group at highest risk of contraceptive-related mortality. Maternal mortality appears to be slowing its rate of decline, while induced abortion mortality has been very low since the legalization of abortion.
1975年至1982年间，美国因妊娠与分娩、人工流产及避孕导致的年死亡人数从1083人降至751人。这些死因的死亡率分别下降了35%、89%和35%，总体生殖死亡率下降了35%。妊娠与分娩导致的死亡率比人工流产导致的死亡率高25倍，比避孕相关死亡率高8倍。1982年，近3000万妇女使用了避孕药具，而足月妊娠的妇女略少于400万。1975年至1982年间避孕相关死亡率的下降可能反映了多种因素的综合作用，包括避孕药具更安全、使用对自身可能并非最安全的避孕方法的女性减少，以及绝育手术数量增加，后者使女性脱离了避孕相关死亡率最高的群体。孕产妇死亡率的下降速度似乎正在放缓，而自堕胎合法化以来，人工流产死亡率一直很低。
