Bachrach C A
Fam Plann Perspect. 1984 Nov-Dec;16(6):253-9.
During the decade 1973-1982, use of oral contraceptives declined sharply among wives aged 15-44, although the total number of pill users did not decrease after 1979. This drop occurred in all groups of wives examined. At the same time, the prevalence of female contraceptive sterilization rose sharply; this increase occurred mainly among wives aged 35 and older and, of course, among all wives intending no more children. Among other subgroups of married women, the fall in pill use was complemented by a smaller rise in the use of barrier methods--the condom and diaphragm, in particular. The contraceptive status and method choices of never-married and previously married women differed sharply from those of wives as of 1982. Sexually active never-married women were less likely than married women to practice contraception and were more likely to choose the pill when they did. Previously married women were also less likely than wives to practice contraception but, when using a method, were more likely than either never-married or currently married users to depend on one of the more effective methods--sterilization, the pill or the IUD.
在1973年至1982年这十年间，15至44岁已婚女性中口服避孕药的使用量急剧下降，不过1979年之后避孕药使用者的总数并未减少。在所有接受调查的已婚女性群体中都出现了这种下降情况。与此同时，女性绝育避孕的普及率急剧上升；这种增长主要发生在35岁及以上的已婚女性中，当然，也发生在所有不想再生育的已婚女性中。在其他已婚女性亚群体中，口服避孕药使用量的下降伴随着屏障避孕法（尤其是避孕套和子宫帽）使用量较小幅度的上升。截至1982年，未婚女性和离异女性的避孕状况及方法选择与已婚女性截然不同。性活跃的未婚女性比已婚女性采取避孕措施的可能性更小，而如果采取避孕措施，她们选择口服避孕药的可能性更大。离异女性采取避孕措施的可能性也比已婚女性小，但是在采取避孕措施时，她们比未婚女性或已婚女性更倾向于选择绝育、口服避孕药或宫内节育器等更有效的避孕方法之一。
