A biliary endoscopy model.

Intraoperative biliary endoscopy (choledochoscopy) is often not practiced by surgeons despite the availability of both rigid and flexible endoscopes in many operating rooms. The main reasons for this reluctance are lack of familiarity and experience with endoscopic techniques. A biliary model was designed that permits the procedure to be learned. Its important features are mobilization of the duodenum, the use of irrigation, and the possibility of practicing the removal of calculi under visual control. We stress that the use of the choledochoscope is important to reduce the incidence of retained stones after common bile duct explorations.