Choledochoscopy model.

Choledochoscopy is effective in reducing the incidence of retained biliary stones and for the removal of retained calculi through the T-tube tract. It has also been of value in performing complex reconstructive and diversionary procedures on the common duct. Knowledge of the biliary anatomy is a prerequisite for the development of skill in choledochoscopy. The use of a biliary endoscopy teaching model with stones has been very effective in teaching the techniques of biliary endoscopy. Experience with the choledochoscope and its accessories should precede its use for postoperative choledochoscopy.