College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Sep;128:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.067. Epub 2022 Jul 31.
The effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in place of fishmeal on the growth performance, immune response, digestive ability and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in this study. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01g) was fed for 8 weeks by four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds with CPC replacing fishmeal (FM) at 0% (control), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30) and 45% (CPC45), respectively. At the end of the study, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei in CPC15 and CPC30 groups were significantly increased, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. vannamei in the CPC30 group was significantly reduced when compared with the FM group (P < 0.05). After Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the cumulative mortality of L. vannamei in CPC15 within 24 hpi was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). When compared with the control group, the activities and expression of the immunity-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas had almost the same obvious change trend in the CPC-containing groups, which indicated that the replacement for fishmeal by CPC led to significant immune response in L. vannamei. Besides, significant up-regulation of the digestive enzyme activities were observed in the CPC-containing groups. Analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that significant difference in alpha diversity existed between the CPC-containing groups and the control group. The relative abundances of several top 10 dominated species at the phylum and genus levels were significantly changed in the CPC-containing groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Functional prediction of the microbiota indicated that the pathway of protein digestion and absorption was significantly more abundant while the pathways of nitrotoluene degradation, aminobenzoate degradation, atrazine degradation, dioxin degradation and xylene degradation were significantly less abundant in the CPC-containing groups than the FM group (P < 0.05). In summary, optimal dietary CPC replacement of FM could improve the growth, immunity, digestive capacity and the diversities of the intestinal microbial flora of L. vannamei. However, parts of the functions of the intestinal microbial flora were decline.
本研究探讨了棉籽蛋白浓缩物（CPC）替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、免疫反应、消化能力和肠道微生物区系的影响。用四种等氮等脂的饲料喂养凡纳滨对虾（初始体重：0.42±0.01g）8 周，CPC 分别替代鱼粉（FM）0%（对照）、15%（CPC15）、30%（CPC30）和 45%（CPC45）。研究结束时，与 FM 组相比，CPC15 和 CPC30 组凡纳滨对虾的末重（FBW）、增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率比（PER）显著提高，而 CPC30 组凡纳滨对虾的饲料转化率（FCR）显著降低（P<0.05）。感染副溶血弧菌后，24 hpi 时 CPC15 组凡纳滨对虾的累计死亡率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，CPC 组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中免疫相关酶的活性和表达几乎呈现相同的明显变化趋势，表明 CPC 替代鱼粉可导致凡纳滨对虾产生显著的免疫反应。此外，在 CPC 组中观察到显著上调的消化酶活性。肠道微生物分析表明，CPC 组与对照组之间的α多样性存在显著差异。与对照组相比，CPC 组中几个优势属的相对丰度发生了显著变化（P<0.05）。微生物功能预测表明，与 FM 组相比，CPC 组中蛋白质消化吸收途径明显更为丰富，而硝基甲苯降解、氨基苯甲酸降解、莠去津降解、二恶英降解和二甲苯降解途径明显较少（P<0.05）。综上所述，最佳的饲料 CPC 替代 FM 可以提高凡纳滨对虾的生长、免疫、消化能力和肠道微生物菌群的多样性。然而，肠道微生物菌群的部分功能下降。
