Bohnet Heidrun, Rüegger Seraina
Danube University Krems.
ETH Zurich.
Schweiz Z Polit. 2021 Jun;27(2):353-368. doi: 10.1111/spsr.12466. Epub 2021 Jun 12.
The Covid-19 pandemic severely threatens refugees: Most refugees live in developing countries with poor health care systems, the lockdowns left many refugees without income, border closures prevented forced migrants from their right to seek asylum and anti-refugee sentiment as well as insecurity in refugee settlements increased. Building on past refugee research and reports on refugee-related challenges during the Covid-19 crisis, we explain how bad sanitation, inadequate accommodation, additional restrictions of movement and employment and language barriers increase grievances among refugees and tensions between refugees and host populations. Particularly in large and overcrowded settlements these issues can lead to violent conflict, as we demonstrate with a case study of the Moria refugee camp in Greece. Yet, the impact of Covid-19 on refugees generally lacks politicization, and many governments are reluctant or unable to provide adequate housing and sanitation to refugees. We present policy recommendations for improving refugee protection amidst Covid-19, including not only the prevention of further spread of the virus but also that of insecurity.
大多数难民生活在医疗体系薄弱的发展中国家，封锁措施使许多难民失去收入，边境关闭剥夺了被迫移民寻求庇护的权利，反难民情绪以及难民营中的不安全因素也有所增加。基于以往的难民研究以及关于新冠疫情危机期间与难民相关挑战的报告，我们阐述了恶劣的卫生条件、不足的住宿条件、对行动和就业的额外限制以及语言障碍是如何加剧难民的不满情绪以及难民与东道国人口之间的紧张关系的。正如我们通过希腊莫里亚难民营的案例研究所表明的那样，特别是在大型且拥挤不堪的难民营中，这些问题可能导致暴力冲突。然而，新冠疫情对难民的影响总体上缺乏政治化，许多政府不愿或无法为难民提供足够的住房和卫生设施。我们提出了在新冠疫情期间改善难民保护的政策建议，不仅包括防止病毒的进一步传播，还包括防止不安全因素的蔓延。
