Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Human Sciences, Bunkyo University, Saitama, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2022 Sep;22(9):705-714. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14449. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
Social participation promotes and maintains the health of older adults. Working is a type of social participation; however, the effect of employment in old age on health outcomes has not been established. This study aimed to review the relationship between employment in old age (≥60 years) and all-cause mortality. For this systematic review, a computerized search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO for prospective studies published through June 2020. The observational studies were extracted according to the study participants, indicators, follow-up period, statistical approach and main results. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 37 832 records identified, 14 studies were included in the systematic review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight studies were derived from Asian countries (four from Japan, two from Taiwan and one from Thailand and South Korea), three were from the United States, two were from Israel and one was from Brazil. The baseline data of 13 studies were collected before 2000. Thirteen of the 14 studies reported any association between employment in later life and a lower risk of mortality. Four studies examined the sex-related differences in the effect of later-life employment on all-cause mortality, but the association was controversial. Overall, we revealed that working in old age would lower mortality risk. Although more findings based on recent data are required, this study indicates that working later in life is beneficial for promoting and maintaining health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 705-714.
社会参与促进和维持老年人的健康。工作是一种社会参与形式；然而，老年就业对健康结果的影响尚未确定。本研究旨在回顾老年（≥60 岁）就业与全因死亡率之间的关系。为了进行这项系统评价，我们使用 PubMed、CINAHL 和 PsycINFO 对截至 2020 年 6 月发表的前瞻性研究进行了计算机检索。根据研究参与者、指标、随访期、统计方法和主要结果提取观察性研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量。在 37832 条记录中，根据纳入和排除标准，有 14 项研究纳入了系统评价。其中 8 项研究来自亚洲国家（日本 4 项、中国台湾 2 项、泰国和韩国各 1 项），3 项来自美国，2 项来自以色列，1 项来自巴西。13 项研究的基线数据于 2000 年之前收集。14 项研究中的 13 项报告了晚年就业与较低死亡率之间存在任何关联。有 4 项研究检查了晚年就业对全因死亡率影响的性别差异，但关联存在争议。总的来说，我们发现老年工作会降低死亡风险。尽管需要更多基于最新数据的发现，但这项研究表明，晚年工作有利于促进和维持健康。老年医学与老年病学国际杂志 2022；22:705-714。
