Takeuchi Hiroki, Ide Kazushige, Wang Hequn, Tamura Motoki, Kondo Katsunori
Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Dec 13;49:102949. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102949. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Many studies have examined the impact of employment on health, but few large-scale longitudinal studies specifically investigate the impact of agricultural labor on the health of older adults. This study aims to identify the health effects of employment on older Japanese adults, focusing on agricultural workers.
This study uses longitudinal data collected by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) from 2013 to 2019. We selected 48,221 older adults out of a total of 65,751 respondents, excluding missing values. The objective variables included healthy ageing, such as dementia, functional disability, loss of healthy life expectancy, and death. Explanatory variables were used to categorize participants into four groups: non-agricultural workers, agricultural workers, retired, and those who have never worked. Seven adjustment variables, including sex, age, and socioeconomic status, were considered. Logistic and modified Poisson regression analyses were employed after imputing missing values.
Incidence ranged from 2.6 % (dementia) to 17.3 % (any level of functional disability). Post-multiple imputation analysis showed significantly lower odds ratios and risk ratios for dementia, functional disability, loss of healthy life expectancy, and death among non-agricultural and agricultural workers compared to retirees. The odds and risk ratios for agricultural workers ranged from 0.45 (dementia) to 0.69 (loss of healthy life expectancy).
Compared with retirees, non-agricultural and agricultural workers experience significantly reduced risks for dementia, functional disability, loss of healthy life expectancy, and death. These findings showed potential health benefits associated with continued employment in older age.
许多研究探讨了就业对健康的影响，但很少有大规模纵向研究专门调查农业劳动对老年人健康的影响。本研究旨在确定就业对日本老年人健康的影响，重点关注农业劳动者。
本研究使用了日本老年学评估研究（JAGES）在2013年至2019年期间收集的纵向数据。我们从总共65751名受访者中选出48221名老年人，排除缺失值。目标变量包括健康老龄化，如痴呆、功能残疾、健康预期寿命损失和死亡。解释变量用于将参与者分为四组：非农业劳动者、农业劳动者、退休人员和从未工作过的人。考虑了七个调整变量，包括性别、年龄和社会经济地位。在对缺失值进行插补后，采用逻辑回归和修正泊松回归分析。
发病率从2.6%（痴呆）到17.3%（任何程度的功能残疾）不等。多次插补后分析显示，与退休人员相比，非农业和农业劳动者患痴呆、功能残疾、健康预期寿命损失和死亡的优势比和风险比显著更低。农业劳动者的优势比和风险比范围为0.45（痴呆）至0.69（健康预期寿命损失）。
与退休人员相比，非农业和农业劳动者患痴呆、功能残疾、健康预期寿命损失和死亡的风险显著降低。这些发现表明老年持续就业具有潜在的健康益处。
