Wolfram G, Kirchgessner M, Müller H L, Hollomey S
Ann Nutr Metab. 1987;31(2):88-97. doi: 10.1159/000177255.
To a group of 8 healthy persons a slightly hypocaloric diet with protein (13% of energy), carbohydrates (46% of energy) and fat (41% of energy) was given as one meal or as five meals in a change-over trial. Each person was 2 weeks on each regimen. Under the conditions of slight undernutrition and neutral temperature the balances of nitrogen, carbon and energy were assessed in 7-day collection periods, and according to 48-hour measurements of gaseous exchange (carbon-nitrogen balance method) by the procedures of indirect calorimetry. Changes of body weight were statistically not significant. At isocaloric supply of metabolizable energy with exactly the same foods in different meal frequencies no differences were found in the retention of carbon and energy. Urinary nitrogen excretion was slightly greater with a single daily meal, indicating influences on protein metabolism. The protein-derived energy was compensated by a decrease in the fat oxidation. The heat production calculated by indirect calorimetry was not significantly different with either meal frequency. Water, sodium and potassium balances were not different. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol and uric acid were not influenced by meal frequency, glucose and triglycerides showed typical behaviour depending on the time interval to the last meal. The results demonstrate that the meal frequency did not influence the energy balance.
在一项交叉试验中，给一组8名健康人提供了一种热量略低的饮食，其蛋白质（占能量的13%）、碳水化合物（占能量的46%）和脂肪（占能量的41%）以一餐或五餐的形式提供。每个人在每种饮食方案下各持续2周。在轻度营养不良和中性温度的条件下，在7天的收集期内评估氮、碳和能量平衡，并根据间接测热法的程序通过48小时的气体交换测量（碳氮平衡法）进行评估。体重变化在统计学上不显著。在不同进餐频率下，用完全相同的食物提供等热量的可代谢能量时，碳和能量的保留没有差异。每日一餐时尿氮排泄略多，表明对蛋白质代谢有影响。蛋白质衍生的能量通过脂肪氧化的减少得到补偿。通过间接测热法计算的产热在两种进餐频率下没有显著差异。水、钠和钾平衡没有差异。胆固醇和尿酸的血浆浓度不受进餐频率的影响，葡萄糖和甘油三酯表现出取决于距上一餐时间间隔的典型行为。结果表明，进餐频率不影响能量平衡。
