外泌体重塑骨关节炎中的软骨微环境：从细胞间通讯到治疗策略。

Exosomes rewire the cartilage microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from intercellular communication to therapeutic strategies.

机构信息

Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

出版信息

Int J Oral Sci. 2022 Aug 5;14(1):40. doi: 10.1038/s41368-022-00187-z.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss and accounts for a major source of pain and disability worldwide. However, effective strategies for cartilage repair are lacking, and patients with advanced OA usually need joint replacement. Better comprehending OA pathogenesis may lead to transformative therapeutics. Recently studies have reported that exosomes act as a new means of cell-to-cell communication by delivering multiple bioactive molecules to create a particular microenvironment that tunes cartilage behavior. Specifically, exosome cargos, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, play a crucial role in OA progression by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response of joint cells, rendering them promising candidates for OA monitoring and treatment. This review systematically summarizes the current insight regarding the biogenesis and function of exosomes and their potential as therapeutic tools targeting cell-to-cell communication in OA, suggesting new realms to improve OA management.

骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见的退行性关节疾病，其特征是软骨丧失，是全球范围内导致疼痛和残疾的主要原因。然而，目前缺乏有效的软骨修复策略，患有晚期 OA 的患者通常需要进行关节置换。更好地了解 OA 的发病机制可能会带来变革性的治疗方法。最近的研究表明，外泌体通过将多种生物活性分子传递到特定的微环境中，从而充当细胞间通讯的新手段，调节软骨行为。具体来说，外泌体 cargos，如非编码 RNA（ncRNA）和蛋白质，通过调节关节细胞的增殖、凋亡、自噬和炎症反应，在 OA 的进展中发挥关键作用，使它们成为 OA 监测和治疗的有前途的候选物。本综述系统地总结了外泌体的生物发生和功能及其作为 OA 中细胞间通讯治疗工具的潜在作用的最新研究进展，为改善 OA 管理提供了新的领域。