Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Cognitive Modeling, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
J Med Life. 2022 Jun;15(6):828-834. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0215.
The rule-matching bias is a common error during conditional reasoning tasks, which refers to a tendency to match responses with the lexical context in the conditional rule and leads to incorrect responses. Conditional reasoning is one of the higher-level cognitive abilities affected by many cognitive skills. We aimed to determine whether inhibition and set-shifting skills with rule-matching bias occurrence could be related and, if so, to what quantitative, at a statistically significant level. A total of 30 healthy university students aged 18 to 30 participated in this study. We used the Wason's Selection Task (WST) to measure conditional reasoning and investigated their inhibition and set-shifting skills with the Stroop and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, respectively. Results showed a significant positive correlation between the number of correct responses to the Stroop test and the Wason Selection Card Test (p=0.614). There was a positive correlation between the number of correct responses to the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Wason Selection Card Test (p=0.423). Participants with higher inhibition and set-shifting abilities showed better performance in the conditional reasoning test and lower rule-matching bias errors.
规则匹配偏差是条件推理任务中的一种常见错误，它指的是一种倾向于将反应与条件规则中的词汇语境相匹配的趋势，从而导致错误的反应。条件推理是受许多认知技能影响的高级认知能力之一。我们旨在确定抑制和转换技能与规则匹配偏差的发生是否存在关联，如果存在关联，其关联程度如何，以及在统计学上是否具有显著意义。共有 30 名年龄在 18 至 30 岁之间的健康大学生参加了这项研究。我们使用沃森选择任务（Wason's Selection Task，WST）来衡量条件推理，并分别使用斯特鲁普测试（Stroop test）和威斯康星卡片分类测试（Wisconsin Card Sorting Test）来调查他们的抑制和转换技能。结果表明，斯特鲁普测试的正确反应数与沃森选择卡片测试之间存在显著正相关（p=0.614）。威斯康星卡片分类测试的正确反应数与沃森选择卡片测试之间存在正相关（p=0.423）。具有较高抑制和转换能力的参与者在条件推理测试中表现更好，规则匹配偏差错误更少。
