Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aden University, Yemen.
Addiction. 2023 Feb;118(2):218-253. doi: 10.1111/add.16021. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
To evaluate qualitative research on substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) among refugees in terms of practitioners' and substance users' attitudes, beliefs and experiences.
Six medical, allied health and social sciences databases (EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scholar and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched in a time frame between January and April 2021 to identify original peer-reviewed articles describing qualitative findings related to substance use among refugees (alcohol, illicit drugs, tobacco and prescription drugs). Study selection, critical appraisal and detailed extraction were performed via the Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) (2018). Three independent reviewers selected the relevant abstracts and articles. Synthesis of the evidence identified prominent themes relating to the context and consequences of substance use.
Twenty-six studies were included in this review. Twenty-three studies applied qualitative methods and three applied mixed methods. Synthesis of the evidence from the included studies resulted in four main findings: there is a considerable susceptibility of refugees to substance use and SUDs; the harmful consequences of substance use are complicated by the social insecurities of refugees; there are rather high barriers to treatment and health facilities for refugees in many host countries; and there is a strong need to improve effective access to treatment, interventions and prevention approaches.
Refugees are at high risk for substance use and substance use disorders and often face high barriers to treatment and interventions in host countries.
评估有关难民物质使用和物质使用障碍（SUD）的定性研究，重点关注从业者和物质使用者的态度、信念和经验。
在 2021 年 1 月至 4 月期间，我们在六个医学、相关健康和社会科学数据库（EBSCO、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Web of Science、Scholar 和 Cochrane Library）中进行了系统搜索，以确定描述与难民物质使用（酒精、非法药物、烟草和处方药物）相关的定性研究的原始同行评审文章。研究选择、批判性评估和详细提取是根据《系统评价和实施报告的乔安娜·布里格斯研究所数据库》（Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports），按照《系统评价和元分析扩展的首选报告项目》（PRISMA）（2018 年）进行的。三位独立评审员选择了相关的摘要和文章。对证据的综合分析确定了与物质使用的背景和后果相关的突出主题。
本综述纳入了 26 项研究。其中 23 项研究采用了定性方法，3 项研究采用了混合方法。纳入研究的证据综合分析得出了四个主要发现：难民对物质使用和 SUD 有相当高的易感性；物质使用的有害后果因难民的社会不安全感而变得复杂；在许多收容国，难民获得治疗和医疗设施存在相当高的障碍；迫切需要改善有效获得治疗、干预和预防方法的途径。
难民有较高的物质使用和物质使用障碍风险，在收容国往往面临较高的治疗和干预障碍。
