Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
East Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, UK.
Acta Diabetol. 2022 Nov;59(11):1399-1415. doi: 10.1007/s00592-022-01918-8. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Aerobic exercise is well recognised as an effective treatment for people with type 2 diabetes but the optimal amount of aerobic exercise to improve glycaemic control remains to be determined. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis and meta-regression was to assess the impact of volume and intensity of aerobic exercise on glycaemic control.
Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up until 15 December 2020 for the terms "aerobic exercise AND glycaemic control", "type 2 diabetes AND exercise", and "exercise AND glycaemic control AND Type 2 diabetes AND randomised control trial". We included (i) randomised control trials of ≥ 12 weeks, (ii) trials where participants had type 2 diabetes and were aged 18 or over, and (iii) the trial reported HbA1c concentrations pre- and post-intervention. Two reviewers selected studies and extracted data. Data are reported as standardised mean difference (SMD) and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots.
A total of 5364 original titles were identified. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Aerobic exercise reduced HbA1c versus control (SMD = 0.56 (95% CI 0.3-0.82), p < 0.001). There were also significant reductions in BMI (SMD = 0.76 (95% CI 0.25-1.27), p < 0.05). There was no dose-response relationship between improvement in HbA1c and the intensity and volume of the intervention (p > 0.05).
Twelve-week or longer aerobic exercise programmes improve glycaemic control and BMI in adults with type 2 diabetes. Longer or more intense interventions appear to confer no additional benefit on HbA1c.
有氧运动被广泛认为是治疗 2 型糖尿病患者的有效方法，但改善血糖控制的最佳有氧运动量仍有待确定。因此，本荟萃分析和荟萃回归的目的是评估有氧运动的量和强度对血糖控制的影响。
截至 2020 年 12 月 15 日，我们在 Medline、Cochrane、Embase 和 Web of Science 数据库中检索了“有氧运动和血糖控制”、“2 型糖尿病和运动”以及“运动和血糖控制和 2 型糖尿病和随机对照试验”的术语。我们纳入了（i）持续时间至少为 12 周的随机对照试验，（ii）参与者患有 2 型糖尿病且年龄在 18 岁或以上的试验，以及（iii）试验报告了干预前后的糖化血红蛋白浓度。两名审查员选择了研究并提取了数据。数据以标准化均数差（SMD）表示，并使用漏斗图评估发表偏倚。
共确定了 5364 个原始标题。16 项研究纳入荟萃分析。与对照组相比，有氧运动降低了 HbA1c（SMD=0.56（95%CI 0.3-0.82），p<0.001）。体重指数（BMI）也有显著降低（SMD=0.76（95%CI 0.25-1.27），p<0.05）。HbA1c 的改善与干预的强度和量之间没有剂量反应关系（p>0.05）。
12 周或更长时间的有氧运动方案可改善 2 型糖尿病成人的血糖控制和 BMI。更长或更剧烈的干预似乎对 HbA1c 没有额外的益处。
