College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China.
Key laboratory for Sheep, Goat and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 5;17(8):e0272310. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272310. eCollection 2022.
Antibiotics were once used in animal production to improve productivity and resistance to pathogenic microbiota. However, due to its negative effects, the search for a new class of substances that can replace its efficacy has become one of the urgent problems to be solved. Plant essential oils (EOs) as a natural feed additive can maintain microbiota homeostasis and improve animal performance. However, its specific mechanism of action needs to be further investigated. Therefore, we added different doses of essential oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (EOZB) to the diets of Small Tail Han Sheep hybrid male lambs (STH lambs) to evaluate the effect of EOZB on rumen enzyme activity, rumen microbiology, and its metabolites in STH lambs. Twenty STH lambs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5/group) and provided with the same diet. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (BD) group; BD+EOZB 5 ml/kg group; BD+EOZB 10 ml/kg group; BD+EOZB 15 ml/kg group. We found that EOZB 10 ml/kg helped to increase rumen pectinase (P<0.05) and lipase (P<0.05) activities. Microbial 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that EOZB significantly altered the abundance of rumen microbiota (P<0.05). LC/GC-MS metabolomic analysis showed that the addition of EOZB produced a total of 1073 differential metabolites, with 58 differential metabolites remaining after raising the screening criteria. These differential metabolites were mainly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, choline metabolism in cancer, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption. Correlation analysis showed that some rumen microbiota were significantly correlated with differential metabolite and enzyme activities.
抗生素曾被用于动物生产中以提高生产力和对病原微生物群落的抵抗力。然而，由于其负面影响，寻找一种新的物质来替代其功效已成为亟待解决的问题之一。植物精油（EOs）作为一种天然饲料添加剂，可以维持微生物群落的平衡并提高动物的生产性能。然而，其具体作用机制仍需进一步研究。因此，我们在小尾寒羊杂交公羔羊（STH 羔羊）的日粮中添加不同剂量的花椒精油（EOZB），以评估 EOZB 对瘤胃酶活性、瘤胃微生物区系及其代谢产物的影响。将 20 只 STH 羔羊随机分为 4 组（n = 5/组），并提供相同的日粮。日粮处理如下：基础日粮（BD）组；BD+EOZB 5 ml/kg 组；BD+EOZB 10 ml/kg 组；BD+EOZB 15 ml/kg 组。我们发现，EOZB 10 ml/kg 有助于提高瘤胃果胶酶（P<0.05）和脂肪酶（P<0.05）活性。16S rRNA 基因分析表明，EOZB 显著改变了瘤胃微生物群落的丰度（P<0.05）。LC/GC-MS 代谢组学分析表明，添加 EOZB 共产生了 1073 种差异代谢物，在提高筛选标准后，仍有 58 种差异代谢物保留。这些差异代谢物主要富集在甘油磷脂代谢、癌症中的胆碱代谢、逆行内源性大麻素信号转导、苯并恶嗪生物合成以及蛋白质消化吸收中。相关性分析表明，一些瘤胃微生物与差异代谢物和酶活性显著相关。
