微生物接种和贮藏时间对 2 种不同干物质浓度下高水分玉米青贮发酵特性和营养价值的影响。
Effect of microbial inoculation and storage length on the fermentation profile and nutritive value of high-moisture corn ensiled at 2 different dry matter concentrations.
机构信息
Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2022 Oct 1;100(10). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac254.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculation and storage length on the fermentation profile and nutrient composition of high-moisture corn (HMC) ensiled at 2 different dry matter (DM) concentrations. High-moisture corn was harvested when kernel DM concentrations were approaching 65% as-fed, and either left undried (HMC65; 67.6% DM) or dried at 40 °C to approximately 70% DM (HMC70; 71.0% DM), and then ensiled in quadruplicate vacuum pouches untreated (CON) or after one of the following inoculant treatments: 6.36 × 105 cfu of Lentilactobacillus buchneri DSM 12856, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM 12836, and Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 16243 per g of HMC (LBLP); or 3.0 × 105 cfu of Lentilactobacillus buchneri DSM 12856, Lentilactobacillus diolivorans DSM 32074, and P. acidilactici DSM 16243 per g of HMC (LBLD). Vacuum pouches were allowed to ferment for 7, 14, 28, or 56 d. A three-way interaction was observed (P = 0.01) for the pH of HMC, where CON for HMC70 was greatest across storage lengths and HMC65 treatments generally had a lower pH than other treatments. Concentrations of total acids were greater (P = 0.001) in HMC65 than HMC70 and greater (P = 0.001) in HMC treated with LBLP and LBLD than CON. An interaction between DM concentration, microbial inoculation, and storage length was observed (P = 0.05) for concentrations of acetic acid. At 14 d, acetic acid concentrations were greater in HMC65 treated with LBLD than other treatments. Likewise, at 56 d, concentrations of acetic acid were greatest in HMC65 treated with LBLD, followed by HMC70 treated with LBLD. An interaction between DM concentration, microbial inoculation, and storage length was observed (P = 0.05) for 7-h starch disappearance (starchD). Across all DM concentration and inoculant treatment combinations, starchD increased with increasing storage length. StarchD was also generally greater for HMC65 treatments compared to HMC70, with small differences among inoculants. Results suggest that microbial inoculation can improve fermentation of HMC by increasing the production of antifungal acetic acid, but that DM concentration at ensiling remains a primary determinant of HMC fermentability.
本实验旨在评估微生物接种和贮藏时间对不同干物质（DM）浓度下高水分玉米（HMC）青贮发酵特性和养分组成的影响。当玉米籽粒 DM 浓度接近 65%时收获高水分玉米，并将其要么不干燥（HMC65；DM 含量为 67.6%），要么在 40°C 下干燥至约 70% DM（HMC70；DM 含量为 71.0%），然后在四个真空袋中进行青贮，未处理（CON）或在以下接种剂处理之一后：每克 HMC 接种 6.36×105cfu 菜豆乳杆菌 DSM 12856、植物乳杆菌 DSM 12836 和戊糖片球菌 DSM 16243（LBLP）；或每克 HMC 接种 3.0×105cfu 菜豆乳杆菌 DSM 12856、菜豆乳杆菌 DSM 12856、二氢二醇乳酸杆菌 DSM 32074 和戊糖片球菌 DSM 16243（LBLD）。真空袋允许发酵 7、14、28 或 56d。观察到 HMC 的 pH 值存在三向相互作用（P = 0.01），其中 HMC70 的 CON 在整个贮藏期内最大，而 HMC65 处理通常比其他处理的 pH 值更低。总酸浓度在 HMC65 中高于 HMC70（P = 0.001），在 LBLP 和 LBLD 处理的 HMC 中高于 CON（P = 0.001）。观察到 DM 浓度、微生物接种和贮藏长度之间存在相互作用（P = 0.05），影响乙酸浓度。在 14d 时，LBLD 处理的 HMC65 中的乙酸浓度大于其他处理。同样，在 56d 时，LBLD 处理的 HMC65 中的乙酸浓度最大，其次是 LBLD 处理的 HMC70。观察到 DM 浓度、微生物接种和贮藏长度之间存在相互作用（P = 0.05），影响 7-h 淀粉消失率（starchD）。在所有 DM 浓度和接种剂处理组合中，淀粉 D 随着贮藏时间的延长而增加。与 HMC70 相比，HMC65 处理的淀粉 D 通常也更大，接种剂之间的差异较小。结果表明，微生物接种可以通过增加抗真菌乙酸的产生来改善 HMC 的发酵，但青贮时的 DM 浓度仍然是 HMC 可发酵性的主要决定因素。
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