Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 4, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2022 Dec;73:103306. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103306. Epub 2022 Aug 2.
To determine what type (e.g., television, photographs, music, etc), content (e.g., nature scenes, family members, etc), and duration of visual and auditory stimuli should be provided to intensive care unit patients during their hospitalisation.
This mixed-methods study followed an exploratory-descriptive design. In total, 31 participants were interviewed: 19 were former critically ill patients in the intensive care unit and 12 were nursing experts, all from a university hospital in Switzerland. Based on current practice, patients and nurses were familiar with receiving and providing television, photographs, radio, and musical stimuli, with no specific exposure to virtual reality, aside from that in their personal lives. Data were collected from the former patients using structured interviews, whereas semi-structured interviews were used for the nursing experts.
Overall, patient and expert opinions aligned well; both groups agreed that receiving visual and/or auditory stimuli would benefit patients. Photographs, television, and virtual reality were the visual stimuli most chosen by the patients, with an emphasis on nature-focused content. When appropriate, audio matching the content should be provided alongside the visual stimuli to act as a distraction from the hospital environment. Visual stimuli should not exceed 10-15 min, while auditory stimuli should not exceed one hour.
Sensory overload and deprivation are common problems in the intensive care unit with negative effects on patient outcomes. Based on patient and expert opinions, visual and auditory stimuli are desired by patients and could help address these issues.
确定在患者住院期间，应向重症监护病房患者提供哪种类型（例如电视、照片、音乐等）、哪种内容（例如自然场景、家庭成员等）以及多长时间的视觉和听觉刺激。
这是一项混合方法研究，采用探索性描述设计。共有 31 名参与者接受了采访：19 名是曾在重症监护病房的重症患者，12 名是护理专家，均来自瑞士的一所大学医院。基于当前的实践，患者和护士都熟悉接收和提供电视、照片、广播和音乐刺激，但除了在个人生活中接触过虚拟现实外，对其并不熟悉。通过对前患者进行的结构化访谈收集患者的数据，而对护理专家进行的则是半结构化访谈。
总的来说，患者和专家的意见非常一致；两组都认为接受视觉和/或听觉刺激将使患者受益。照片、电视和虚拟现实是患者最常选择的视觉刺激，重点是关注自然的内容。在适当的情况下，应提供与视觉刺激相匹配的音频，以分散患者对医院环境的注意力。视觉刺激不应超过 10-15 分钟，而听觉刺激不应超过一小时。
在重症监护病房中，感官过载和剥夺是常见问题，对患者的结局有负面影响。基于患者和专家的意见，患者需要视觉和听觉刺激，这可能有助于解决这些问题。
