Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2022 Sep 14;30(9):1269-1278.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.012. Epub 2022 Jul 20.
The immune memory to common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) influences SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome, and understanding its effect is crucial for pan-coronavirus vaccine development. We performed a longitudinal analysis of pre-COVID19-pandemic samples from 2016-2019 in young adults and assessed CCC-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses. Notably, CCC responses were commonly detected with comparable frequencies as with other common antigens and were sustained over time. CCC-specific CD4+ T cell responses were associated with low HLA-DR+CD38+ signals, and their magnitude did not correlate with yearly CCC infection prevalence. Similarly, CCC-specific and spike RBD-specific IgG responses were stable in time. Finally, high CCC-specific CD4+ T cell reactivity, but not antibody titers, was associated with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity. These results provide a valuable reference for understanding the immune response to endemic coronaviruses and suggest that steady and sustained CCC responses are likely from a stable pool of memory CD4+ T cells due to repeated earlier exposures and possibly occasional reinfections.
普通感冒冠状病毒（CCCs）的免疫记忆会影响 SARS-CoV-2 感染结果，了解其影响对于开发泛冠状病毒疫苗至关重要。我们对 2016 年至 2019 年年轻人 COVID19 大流行前的样本进行了纵向分析，并评估了 CCC 特异性 CD4+T 细胞和抗体反应。值得注意的是，与其他常见抗原一样，通常可以检测到 CCC 反应，并且随着时间的推移而持续存在。CCC 特异性 CD4+T 细胞反应与 HLA-DR+CD38+信号的低水平相关，其大小与每年 CCC 感染的流行率无关。同样，CCC 特异性和刺突 RBD 特异性 IgG 反应随时间保持稳定。最后，高 CCC 特异性 CD4+T 细胞反应，但不是抗体滴度，与 SARS-CoV-2 预先存在的免疫有关。这些结果为理解对地方性冠状病毒的免疫反应提供了有价值的参考，并表明由于反复的早期暴露和偶尔的再感染，稳定和持续的 CCC 反应可能来自稳定的记忆 CD4+T 细胞池。
