Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 1;850:157857. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157857. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
Increasing production of synthetic plastics and poor management of plastic wastes have dramatically increased the amount of plastics in the environment. In 2014, at the first United Nations Environment Assembly, marine plastic waste pollution was listed as one of the 10 most pressing environmental issues. In addition, there is much plastic waste in terrestrial ecosystems due to substantial residues from agricultural mulching and packing. As a recently recognized pollutant, microplastics (MPs) have attracted significant attention from the public and various governments. Concentrations of MPs in the environment vary among locations, from <100 to >1 × 10 particles per cubic meter. Many studies have addressed the impacts and potential mechanisms of MPs on the environment and organisms. Humans and other organisms can ingest or carry MPs in a variety of passive ways and these MPs can have a range of negative effects on metabolism, function, and health. Additionally, given their large surface area, MPs can sorb various pollutants, including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, with serious implications for animals and human wellbeing. However, due to their complexity and a lack of accurate determination methods, the systematic impacts of MP pollution on whole foodwebs are not clearly established. Therefore, this review summarizes current research advances in MP pollution, particularly the impact of MPs on soils, plants, and animals, and proposes potential future research prospects to better characterize MPs.
随着合成塑料产量的增加和塑料废物管理不善，环境中的塑料数量急剧增加。2014 年，在联合国环境大会第一届会议上，海洋塑料垃圾污染被列为 10 个最紧迫的环境问题之一。此外，由于农业覆盖和包装的大量残留物，陆地生态系统中也存在大量塑料废物。作为最近被确认的污染物，微塑料（MPs）引起了公众和各国政府的高度关注。环境中 MPs 的浓度因地点而异，从<100 到>1×10 个颗粒/立方米不等。许多研究都探讨了 MPs 对环境和生物的影响和潜在机制。人类和其他生物可以通过多种被动方式摄入或携带 MPs，这些 MPs 会对新陈代谢、功能和健康产生一系列负面影响。此外，由于 MPs 的表面积较大，它们可以吸附各种污染物，包括重金属和持久性有机污染物，这对动物和人类的健康都有严重的影响。然而，由于其复杂性和缺乏准确的测定方法，MP 污染对整个食物网的系统影响尚不清楚。因此，本综述总结了 MPs 污染的当前研究进展，特别是 MPs 对土壤、植物和动物的影响，并提出了潜在的未来研究展望，以更好地描述 MPs。
