Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of York, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Oct;141:104808. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104808. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Most theories of emotion describe a crucial role for interoceptive accuracy, the perception of the body's internal physiological signals, in emotional experience. Despite support for interoceptive accuracy's role in emotion, findings of gender differences in emotional and interoceptive processing are incompatible with theory; women typically show poorer interoceptive accuracy, but women often outperform men on measures of emotional processing and recognition. This suggests a need to re-evaluate the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and emotion considering sex and gender. Here we extend Pennebaker and Roberts' (1992) theory of gender differences in the use of interoceptive signals for emotional experience, proposing that language socialisation may result in gender differences in the propensity to label internal state changes as physiological or emotional, respectively. Despite outstanding questions concerning the fractionation of interoceptive and emotional domains, this theory provides a plausible explanation for seemingly incompatible findings of gender differences in interoceptive and emotional abilities.
大多数情感理论都描述了内感受准确性在情感体验中的关键作用，内感受准确性是对身体内部生理信号的感知。尽管内感受准确性在情感中的作用得到了支持，但情感和内感受处理方面的性别差异的发现与理论不符；女性通常表现出较差的内感受准确性，但在情感处理和识别方面，女性通常优于男性。这表明需要重新评估内感受准确性和情感之间的关系，同时考虑到性别。在这里，我们扩展了彭尼贝克和罗伯茨（1992）关于性别差异在使用内感受信号进行情感体验方面的理论，提出语言社会化可能导致人们分别将内部状态变化标记为生理或情绪的倾向存在性别差异。尽管内感受和情感领域的划分仍存在悬而未决的问题，但这一理论为内感受和情感能力方面的性别差异的看似矛盾的发现提供了一个合理的解释。
