Dept Neurosurgery, UCSF and SF VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dept Neurosurgery, UCSF and SF VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA; Dept Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Neurobiol Dis. 2022 Oct 1;172:105836. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105836. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Recent bodies of work in regard to stroke have revealed significant sex differences in terms of risk and outcome. While differences in sex hormones have been the focus of earlier research, the reasons for these differences are much more complex and require further identification. This review covers differences in sex related immune responses with a focus on differences in immune cell composition and function. While females are more susceptible to immune related diseases, they seem to have better outcomes from stroke at the experimental level with reduced pro-inflammatory responses. However, at the clinical level, the picture is much more complex with worse neurological outcomes from stroke. While the use of exogenous sex steroids can replicate some of these findings, it is apparent that many other factors are involved in the modulation of immune responses. As a result, more research is needed to better understand these differences and identify appropriate interventions and risk modification.
最近关于中风的研究揭示了在风险和结果方面存在显著的性别差异。虽然性激素的差异一直是早期研究的重点，但这些差异的原因要复杂得多，需要进一步确定。这篇综述涵盖了与性别相关的免疫反应差异，重点是免疫细胞组成和功能的差异。虽然女性更容易患与免疫相关的疾病，但在实验水平上，她们似乎对中风有更好的预后，炎症反应减轻。然而，在临床水平上，情况要复杂得多，中风后的神经功能预后更差。虽然外源性性激素的使用可以复制其中的一些发现，但显然还有许多其他因素参与了免疫反应的调节。因此，需要进一步的研究来更好地理解这些差异，并确定适当的干预措施和风险修正。
