Pond Zachari A, Saha Provat K, Coleman Carver J, Presto Albert A, Robinson Allen L, Arden Pope Iii C
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Environ Int. 2022 Sep;167:107439. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107439. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
The objective of this study was to estimate all-cause, cardiopulmonary, and cancer mortality associations for long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and primary PM components. We utilized high-resolution, national-scale exposure estimates for UFP (measured as particle number concentration; PNC) and three primary PM components, namely black carbon (BC), traffic-emitted organic PM (hereafter, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols; HOA), and cooking-emitted organic PM (cooking organic aerosols; COA). Two analytic cohorts were constructed from a nationally representative U.S. health survey. The larger cohort consisted of 617,997 adults with information on a broad set of individual-level risk factors; the smaller cohort was further restricted to those with information on physical activity (n = 396,470). In single-pollutant models, PNC was significantly associated with all-cause (larger cohort HR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04]; smaller cohort HR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00, 1.04]) and cancer mortality (larger cohort HR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.02, 1.08]; smaller cohort HR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02, 1.10]). In two-pollutant models, mortality associations varied based on co-pollutant adjustment; PNC mortality associations were generally robust to controlling for PM and SO, but not PM. In contrast, we found some evidence that the HOA and COA mortality associations are independent of total PM mass exposure. Nevertheless, PM mass was the most robust predictor of air pollution related mortality, providing some support for current regulatory policies.
本研究的目的是评估长期暴露于超细颗粒物（UFP）和主要颗粒物成分下的全因、心肺和癌症死亡率之间的关联。我们利用了高分辨率的全国范围内UFP（以颗粒数浓度；PNC衡量）以及三种主要颗粒物成分的暴露估计值，即黑碳（BC）、交通排放的有机颗粒物（以下简称类烃有机气溶胶；HOA）和烹饪排放的有机颗粒物（烹饪有机气溶胶；COA）。从一项具有全国代表性的美国健康调查中构建了两个分析队列。较大的队列由617,997名成年人组成，他们具有一系列广泛的个体层面风险因素信息；较小的队列进一步限制为那些具有身体活动信息的人（n = 396,470）。在单污染物模型中，PNC与全因死亡率（较大队列HR = 1.03，95% CI [1.02, 1.04]；较小队列HR = 1.02，95% CI [1.00, 1.04]）和癌症死亡率（较大队列HR = 1.05，95% CI [1.02, 1.08]；较小队列HR = 1.06，95% CI [1.02, 1.10]）显著相关。在双污染物模型中，死亡率关联因共污染物调整而异；PNC死亡率关联在控制PM和SO时通常较为稳健，但控制PM时则不然。相比之下，我们发现一些证据表明HOA和COA死亡率关联独立于总PM质量暴露。尽管如此，PM质量是空气污染相关死亡率最稳健的预测指标，为当前监管政策提供了一些支持。
