Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2022 Oct 31;63(10):1378-1390. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcac117.
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are six-carbon volatile oxylipins ubiquitous in vascular plants. GLVs are produced from acyl groups in the biological membranes via oxygenation by a pathway-specific lipoxygenase (LOX) and a subsequent cleavage reaction by hydroperoxide lyase. Because of the universal distribution and ability to form GLVs, they have been anticipated to play a common role in vascular plants. While resting levels in intact plant tissues are low, GLVs are immediately synthesized de novo in response to stresses, such as insect herbivory, that disrupt the cell structure. This rapid GLV burst is one of the fastest responses of plants to cell-damaging stresses; therefore, GLVs are the first plant-derived compounds encountered by organisms that interact with plants irrespective of whether the interaction is competitive or friendly. GLVs should therefore be considered important mediators between plants and organisms that interact with them. GLVs can have direct effects by deterring herbivores and pathogens as well as indirect effects by attracting predators of herbivores, while other plants can recruit them to prepare their defenses in a process called priming. While the beneficial effects provided to plants by GLVs are often less dramatic and even complementary, the buildup of these tiny effects due to the multiple functions of GLVs can amass to levels that become substantially beneficial to plants. This review summarizes the current understanding of the spatiotemporal resolution of GLV biosynthesis and GLV functions and outlines how GLVs support the basic health of plants.
绿叶挥发物 (GLVs) 是在维管植物中普遍存在的六碳挥发性氧脂素。GLVs 通过特定途径的脂氧合酶 (LOX) 将生物膜中的酰基基团氧化，并通过过氧化物裂解酶随后进行裂解反应而产生。由于 GLVs 的普遍分布和形成能力，人们预计它们在维管植物中发挥共同作用。虽然在完整的植物组织中静息水平较低，但 GLVs 会立即从头合成，以响应破坏细胞结构的胁迫，如昆虫取食。这种快速的 GLV 爆发是植物对细胞损伤胁迫的最快反应之一；因此，GLVs 是与植物相互作用的生物体遇到的第一批源自植物的化合物，无论这种相互作用是竞争性的还是友好的。因此，GLVs 应被视为植物与其相互作用的生物体之间的重要介质。GLVs 可以通过阻止草食动物和病原体直接产生影响，也可以通过吸引草食动物的捕食者间接产生影响，而其他植物可以通过它们来准备防御，这一过程称为激发。虽然 GLVs 为植物提供的有益影响通常不那么显著，甚至是互补的，但由于 GLVs 的多种功能，这些微小影响的积累可以达到对植物非常有益的水平。本文综述了 GLV 生物合成和 GLV 功能的时空分辨率的当前理解，并概述了 GLVs 如何支持植物的基本健康。
