Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
PeerJ. 2022 Aug 2;10:e13664. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13664. eCollection 2022.
Cancer is a huge group of diseases that can affect various body parts of humans but also has a psychological, societal, and economic impact. Physical activity can improve the quality of life (QOL) and immunity, while moderate intensity exercise can reduce the probability of this lethal disease. The current study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on immune markers and QOL in cancer patients as well as to evaluate cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and its association with physical activity.
Before starting the study, the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021273292). An electronic literature search was performed by combining MeSH terminology and keywords used with the Boolean operators "OR" and "AND" to find relevant published studies on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical evaluation checklist was used to assess the quality of selected studies, while the GRADE approach was used to see the quality of evidence.
A total of 13,931 studies were retrieved after the search on databases. After the scrutiny of studies by reading the title of articles and the inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were selected for further screening by reading the full texts. In the final, a total of nine studies were selected for the current systematic review and proceeded for data extraction. The patients who were doing different exercises showed improvements in immunity, QOL, and reduction in CRF. A significant reduction in tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and an increase in natural killer (NK) cells levels was also observed.
The exercise program is safe and beneficial to improve the quality of life and immunity markers before, during, and after cancer treatment. Physical exercise may also help patients to overcome the adverse effects of the treatment and to reduce the chance of developing new tumours in the future.
癌症是一大类疾病，可以影响人体的各个部位，但也会对心理、社会和经济造成影响。身体活动可以提高生活质量（QOL）和免疫力，而适度的强度运动可以降低这种致命疾病的发生概率。本研究旨在确定身体活动对癌症患者免疫标志物和生活质量的影响，并评估癌症相关疲劳（CRF）及其与身体活动的关系。
在开始研究之前，研究方案已在 PROSPERO（注册号 CRD42021273292）中注册。通过结合使用 MeSH 术语和关键字，并使用布尔运算符“OR”和“AND”进行电子文献搜索，在 PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane 和 ScienceDirect 数据库中查找相关的已发表研究。使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所（JBI）的批判性评估检查表评估所选研究的质量，同时使用 GRADE 方法评估证据质量。
在数据库搜索后共检索到 13931 项研究。在阅读文章标题和纳入/排除标准后对研究进行仔细审查后，共选择了 54 项研究进行进一步筛选，即阅读全文。最终，共有 9 项研究被选入本次系统评价，并进行了数据提取。进行不同运动的患者在免疫、生活质量和降低 CRF 方面均有改善。还观察到肿瘤坏死因子-（TNF-）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平显著降低，自然杀伤（NK）细胞水平升高。
在癌症治疗前、治疗中和治疗后，运动方案是安全且有益的，可以提高生活质量和免疫标志物。身体活动也可能有助于患者克服治疗的不良反应，并降低未来发生新肿瘤的机会。
