Cui Fengzhi, Liu Jianhua, Pang Siwen, Li Bo
Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jul 22;13:929854. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929854. eCollection 2022.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer, and the extremely crucial feature is hypoxic and acidic. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), mesenchymal cells, blood vessels, and interstitial fluid are widely recognized as fundamentally crucial hallmarks for TME. As nanotechnology briskly boomed, the nanoscale drug delivery and imaging platform (NDDIP) emerged and has attracted intensive attention. Based on main characteristics of TME, NDDIP can be classified into pH-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, enzyme-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, thermo-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, redox-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms, and light-sensitive delivery and imaging platforms. Furthermore, imageology is one of the significant procedures for disease detection, image-guided drug delivery, and efficacy assessment, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and fluorescence imaging. Therefore, the stimuli-responsive NDDIP will be a versatile and practicable tumor disease diagnostic procedure and efficacy evaluation tool. In this review article, we mainly introduce the characteristics of TME and summarize the progress of multitudinous NDDIP as well as their applications.
肿瘤微环境（TME）在癌症的发生、发展和转移中起着重要作用，其极为关键的特征是缺氧和酸性。癌症相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）、细胞外基质（ECM）、间充质细胞、血管和间质液被广泛认为是TME的根本关键特征。随着纳米技术的蓬勃发展，纳米级药物递送和成像平台（NDDIP）应运而生并引起了广泛关注。基于TME的主要特征，NDDIP可分为pH敏感递送和成像平台、酶敏感递送和成像平台、热敏感递送和成像平台、氧化还原敏感递送和成像平台以及光敏感递送和成像平台。此外，影像学是疾病检测、图像引导药物递送和疗效评估的重要手段之一，包括磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）、超声（US）和荧光成像。因此，刺激响应型NDDIP将成为一种通用且实用的肿瘤疾病诊断方法和疗效评估工具。在这篇综述文章中，我们主要介绍TME的特征，总结众多NDDIP的进展及其应用。
