Kotebemetropolitan University College of medical and health science nursing department, ET.
Deberbirhan University institute of medical and health sciences Public health Department, ET.
Ann Glob Health. 2022 Jul 21;88(1):57. doi: 10.5334/aogh.3751. eCollection 2022.
Stunting has long been regarded as one of the most important indicators of malnutrition, serving as a proxy for not just chronic nutritional deficiency but also long-term socioeconomic disadvantage among children and society as a whole. In 2016, stunting alone afflicted an estimated 154.8 million (22.9%) children under the age of five over the world. It is one of Ethiopia's most serious undernutrition and health problems among school-aged children.
To determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among school-aged children in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia 2021.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school students in Addis Ababa city. By using a single population proportion, a formula of 627 students was recruited. From 11 sub-cities, 4 sub-cities were selected by lottery method, and 21 (30%) of the schools from the sub-city were selected. Finally, from each school, study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling, using their attendance list as a frame. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and anthropometric measurements were taken. In order to see the association between the dependent (stunting) and independent variables, bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression were used. During bi-variable analysis, variables that had p-values of less than 0.2 were entered into multivariable analysis to see the effect of confounding factors. Adjusted Odds Ratios with 95% confidence intervals and a P-value of less than 0.05 were used to see the level of significance.
The prevalence of stunting was 108/607 (18.0%) with a 95% CI of 14.5-20.9). Being a male child (AOR = 0.616, 95% CI, 0.34-0.96), type of water source (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.12-10.37), not feeding breast milk (AOR = 3.411, 95% CI, 1.09-10.07), educational status, and ability to read and write (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.15-3.88) were predictors of stunting.
The study showed that the prevalence of stunting was high, and it explored that stunting remains a noticeable attribute of urban school-age children. The higher educational status of the mother, exclusive breast feeding, using ground water, and being a female child were negatively associated with the prevalence of stunting. The risk of stunting was higher among male than female school-aged children. Findings from the study suggest the need to strengthen the strategies that lead to Sustainable Development Goal 4 to ensure all girls and boys complete primary and secondary schooling by 2030.
长期以来，发育迟缓一直被视为营养不良的最重要指标之一，它不仅代表着儿童的慢性营养缺乏，还代表着儿童和整个社会的长期社会经济劣势。2016 年，全世界仅五岁以下儿童就有 1.548 亿人（22.9%）发育迟缓。这是埃塞俄比亚最严重的儿童期营养不良和健康问题之一。
评估 2021 年埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴市学龄儿童发育迟缓的流行率及相关因素。
在亚的斯亚贝巴市的一所小学进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用单一总体比例，招募了 627 名学生。从 11 个分区中，通过抽签法选择了 4 个分区，然后从分区中选择了 21 （30%）所学校。最后，从每所学校的出勤名单中，使用系统随机抽样法选择研究参与者作为研究对象。使用自填式问卷收集数据，并进行人体测量。为了观察因变量（发育迟缓）与自变量之间的关联，采用了单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。在单变量分析中，p 值小于 0.2 的变量被纳入多变量分析，以观察混杂因素的影响。使用调整后的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）以及 P 值<0.05 来观察显著性水平。
发育迟缓的患病率为 108/607（18.0%），95%CI 为 14.5-20.9）。男童（AOR=0.616，95%CI，0.34-0.96）、水源类型（AOR=3.4，95%CI，1.12-10.37）、未母乳喂养（AOR=3.411，95%CI，1.09-10.07）、教育程度和读写能力（AOR=2.11，95%CI，1.15-3.88）是发育迟缓的预测因素。
研究表明，发育迟缓的流行率较高，并且表明发育迟缓仍然是城市学龄儿童的一个显著特征。母亲的教育程度越高、母乳喂养、使用地下水和女孩的身份与发育迟缓的患病率呈负相关。男童发育迟缓的风险高于女童。研究结果表明，需要加强可持续发展目标 4 所带来的战略，以确保所有女童和男童都能在 2030 年前完成小学和中学教育。
