Department of Public Health Kotebemetropolitan University, Deberbirhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health Deberbirhan University, Deberbirhan, Ethiopia.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Jun 29;22(1):377. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03445-5.
Double burden of malnutrition is a global problem posing a serious public health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, where a high prevalence of under-nutrition continues to exist and overweight is increasing at an alarming rate. Although both under-nutrition and over-nutrition are investigated extensively in Ethiopia, evidence about the double burden of malnutrition especially at the individual level is very limited.
To assess the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at an individual level.
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021 among 422 mothers to child pairs in Addis Ababa. Twenty-nine (30%) of the health centers in Addis Ababa were selected to take part in the study using a simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was allocated proportionally to each of the selected health centers based on their performances within 6 months prior to the study. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and a hierarchical logistic regression model were used to characterize the study population and to identify factors that are associated with the outcome variable respectively. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.
The prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting was 5.1% with 95% CI (2.9-7.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that child age (6-23 months) [(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.02-8.04)], maternal education status (non-educated) [(AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: (1.33-18.66)], maternal age during birth (≥ 28 years) [(AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.06-0.79)] and childbirth order (3+) [(AOR = 6.38, 95% CI: (1.03-39.7)] were significantly associated with the co-existence of overweight /obesity and stunting.
The study revealed that the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting is low in Ethiopia. However, local and national nutrition policies and programs should be tailored and implemented to simultaneously address both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.
营养不良的双重负担是一个全球性问题，尤其对包括埃塞俄比亚在内的低收入和中等收入国家构成严重的公共卫生挑战，这些国家仍然存在着较高的营养不良患病率，超重问题也在以惊人的速度增长。尽管埃塞俄比亚广泛研究了营养不良的问题，但关于营养双重负担，特别是个体层面的证据非常有限。
评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴市五岁以下儿童中，超重/肥胖与发育迟缓并存的发生率及其相关因素。
2021 年 5 月至 6 月，在亚的斯亚贝巴市的 422 对母婴进行了基于机构的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样技术，选择了该市 29 个（30%）卫生中心参与研究。根据其在研究前 6 个月内的表现，将总样本量按比例分配给每个选定的卫生中心。采用系统随机抽样法选择研究对象。使用访谈者管理的结构化问卷收集数据。采用描述性统计和分层逻辑回归模型分别描述研究人群，并确定与结局变量相关的因素。使用比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）来衡量关联的强度。以 P 值<0.05 为统计学显著性水平。
超重/肥胖与发育迟缓并存的发生率为 5.1%，95%CI（2.9-7.1%）。分层逻辑回归分析显示，儿童年龄（6-23 个月）[OR=2.86，95%CI（1.02-8.04）]、母亲教育状况（未受教育）[OR=4.98，95%CI（1.33-18.66）]、母亲生育年龄（≥28 岁）[OR=0.22，95%CI（0.06-0.79）]和分娩顺序（3 胎及以上）[OR=6.38，95%CI（1.03-39.7）]与超重/肥胖与发育迟缓并存显著相关。
本研究表明，埃塞俄比亚超重/肥胖与发育迟缓并存的发生率较低。然而，应制定和实施地方和国家营养政策和方案，同时解决营养不良和营养过剩问题。
