Qian Miao, Heyman Gail D, Wu Mingzhan, Fu Genyue
Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 22;13:939811. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.939811. eCollection 2022.
Individuation training that helps humans see multiple other-race targets as distinct rather than as interchangeable can reduce children's implicit racial bias in the form of more negative other-race associations than own-race associations. However, little is known about which aspects of these interventions are critical for their effectiveness. The present research examines whether children need to learn to differentiate among other-race individuals for these interventions to reduce their level of implicit racial bias, or whether differentiating a other-race individual is sufficient. We addressed this question among 4-to-6-year-old Chinese children ( = 66, 31 girls) who engaged in coordinated movement with Black instructors for 2 min. There were two between-subject conditions: in a condition, there were four different Black instructors, and children had to learn to tell them apart, and in a condition, there was only one Black instructor. Implicit bias was measured using the IRBT, an implicit association test that was developed based on the IAT but is appropriate for young children. We found a reduction in implicit bias against Black people after this interaction in the differentiation condition, but not in the no-differentiation condition. These findings suggest that learning to differentiate among multiple other-race individuals plays a critical role in reducing children's implicit racial bias.
个性化训练有助于人们将多个其他种族的面孔视为不同个体而非可互换的对象，这种训练能够减少儿童以对其他种族产生比本种族更负面的联想形式存在的内隐种族偏见。然而，对于这些干预措施的哪些方面对其有效性至关重要，我们却知之甚少。本研究探讨儿童是否需要学会区分其他种族个体，以使这些干预措施降低其内隐种族偏见水平，或者区分一个其他种族个体是否就足够了。我们在4至6岁的中国儿童（n = 66，31名女孩）中解决了这个问题，这些儿童与黑人教练进行了2分钟的协同运动。存在两种组间条件：在一种条件下，有四名不同的黑人教练，儿童必须学会区分他们；在另一种条件下，只有一名黑人教练。使用IRBT测量内隐偏见，IRBT是一种基于IAT开发但适用于幼儿的内隐联想测验。我们发现，在区分条件下的这种互动后，针对黑人的内隐偏见有所减少，但在无区分条件下则没有。这些发现表明，学会区分多个其他种族个体在减少儿童内隐种族偏见方面起着关键作用。
