Waxman Sandra R
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 Sep;16(5):893-902. doi: 10.1177/17456916211026968.
Overt expressions of racial intolerance have surged precipitously. The dramatic uptick in hate crimes and hate speech is not lost on young children. But how, and how early, do children become aware of racial bias? And when do their own views of themselves and others become infused with racial bias? This article opens with a brief overview of the existing experimental evidence documenting developmental entry points of racial bias in infants and young children and how it unfolds. The article then goes on to identify gaps in the extant research and outlines three steps to narrow them. By bringing together what we know and what remains unknown, the goal is to provide a springboard, motivating a more comprehensive psychological-science framework that illuminates early steps in the acquisition of racial bias. If we are to interrupt race bias at its inception and diminish its effects, then we must build strong cross-disciplinary bridges that span the psychological and related social sciences to shed light on the pressing issues facing our nation's young children and their families.
种族不容忍的公开表现急剧激增。仇恨犯罪和仇恨言论的显著增加并没有被幼儿忽视。但是，儿童是如何以及多早开始意识到种族偏见的呢？他们对自己和他人的看法又是何时开始融入种族偏见的呢？本文首先简要概述了现有的实验证据，这些证据记录了婴幼儿种族偏见的发展切入点及其发展过程。接着，文章指出了现有研究中的空白，并概述了缩小这些空白的三个步骤。通过整合我们已知和未知的内容，目标是提供一个跳板，推动建立一个更全面的心理科学框架，以阐明获得种族偏见的早期步骤。如果我们要在种族偏见刚出现时就加以阻断并减少其影响，那么我们必须搭建强大的跨学科桥梁，跨越心理学及相关社会科学领域，以揭示我国幼儿及其家庭面临的紧迫问题。
