Farinon Barbara, Picarella Maurizio E, Siligato Francesca, Rea Roberto, Taviani Paola, Mazzucato Andrea
Laboratory of Biotechnologies of Vegetable Crops, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
ARSIAL, Regional Agency for the Development and the Innovation of Lazio Agriculture, Rome, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 22;13:931233. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931233. eCollection 2022.
Italy is a recognized secondary center of diversification for cultivated tomato ( L.). The study of phenotypic and genetic diversity in landrace collections is important for germplasm conservation and valorization. Here, we set up to study the tomato germplasm collected in the region of Lazio in Central Italy, with a focus on the distinctiveness among landraces and the attribution of membership to unnamed accessions. Our regional collection included 32 accessions belonging to eight different locally recognized landraces and 19 unnamed accessions. All accessions were gathered from local farmers and are preserved in the collection held at the Regional Agency for the Development and the Innovation of Lazio Agriculture (ARSIAL) and at the University of Tuscia. We included 13 control genotypes comprising nine landraces from neighbor regions and four reference cultivars. The collection showed wide phenotypic variability for several qualitative and quantitative traits, such as leaf border and shape, inflorescence type, fruit shape, green shoulder, fruit weight (range 14-277 g), locule number (2-12), shape index (0.54-2.65), yield (0.24-3.08 kg/plant), and soluble solids (3.4-7.5°B). A few landraces showed uncommon phenotypes, such as potato leaf, colorless fruit epidermis, or delayed ripening. Multivariate analysis of 25 cardinal phenotypic variables separated the accessions into two distinct groups; accessions showing a flattened-ribbed fruit were distinguished from those with round to elongate fruits with smooth structure. Genotyping analysis of 7,720 SNPs was performed using the tomato array platform SolCAP, to point out the genetic relationship among the studied accessions. A neighbor-joining tree analysis allowed to confirm or deny phenotypic data and to assign some of the unnamed accessions to recognized groups. Allelic status at marker loci linked to resistance genes commonly used in breeding identified accessions putatively derived from modern material or commercial hybrids, thus not classifiable as landraces. Overall, this study provided the information useful to preserve, valorize, and juridically protect tomato local landraces from the Lazio region and will in addition be helpful to their improvement by breeding.
意大利是公认的栽培番茄（L.）的二级多样化中心。研究地方品种收集物中的表型和遗传多样性对于种质资源的保护和增值具有重要意义。在此，我们着手研究在意大利中部拉齐奥地区收集的番茄种质资源，重点关注地方品种之间的独特性以及未命名种质的归属。我们的区域收集物包括属于八个不同地方公认地方品种的32份种质和19份未命名种质。所有种质均从当地农民处收集，并保存在拉齐奥农业发展与创新区域局（ARSIAL）和 Tuscia 大学的收集物中。我们纳入了13个对照基因型，包括来自邻近地区的9个地方品种和4个参考品种。该收集物在几个定性和定量性状上表现出广泛的表型变异性，如叶边缘和形状、花序类型、果实形状、绿肩、果实重量（范围为14 - 277克）、心室数（2 - 12个）、形状指数（0.54 - 2.65）、产量（0.24 - 3.08千克/株）和可溶性固形物（3.4 - 7.5°B）。一些地方品种表现出不常见的表型，如薯叶、无色果实表皮或延迟成熟。对25个主要表型变量的多变量分析将种质分为两个不同的组；果实呈扁平肋状的种质与果实圆润至细长且结构光滑的种质区分开来。使用番茄阵列平台SolCAP对7720个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行基因分型分析，以指出所研究种质之间的遗传关系。邻接树分析允许确认或否定表型数据，并将一些未命名种质归入已识别的组。与育种中常用的抗性基因连锁的标记位点的等位基因状态确定了可能源自现代材料或商业杂交种的种质，因此不能归类为地方品种。总体而言，本研究提供了有助于保护、增值和依法保护拉齐奥地区番茄地方品种的信息，此外还将有助于通过育种对其进行改良。
