Andajani-Sutjahjo Sari, Neang Munin
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Cambodia.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Feb;38(3-4):3924-3949. doi: 10.1177/08862605221109923. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
This study examined parents' and grandparents' understanding of violence against children (VAC) strategies to prevent VAC in the home. Research questions: What do parents and grandparents understand about VAC? Which child discipline practices are violent? What are strategies to prevent VAC? Participants: 30 parents and grandparents from a small rural community. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) in which participants shared their perceptions and practices relating to child discipline, forms of VAC, and proposed intervention strategies. In two community forums, participants discussed intervention strategies produced in separate FGDs and agreed on three priority strategies. During the FGDs and community meetings, none of the participants ever mentioned any laws, regulations, or government strategies to address VAC in the home. Participants expressed confusion and mixed feelings and responses on forms of VAC. Some agreed on deception, manipulation, intimidation (som lot), threats (Kom ream, harsh words, scolding (je), and physical punishment (i.e., beating or beating with an object) as an unacceptable discipline that would adversely impact children's well-being. Others agreed on cautiously using such disciplines to a certain degree and context. Participants proposed three priority strategies to address VAC in the home, of which two-community awareness and education and community-based efforts-fit with the Cambodia 2017 to 2024 Action Plan Strategies to Prevent and Respond to VAC. The third strategy, addressing alcohol harm-related violence, though not regarded in the 2017 to 2024 Action Plan, was considered pivotal in preventing VAC. Parents and grandparents have a substantial role in child protection at home. Nevertheless, without a clear definition of VAC or articulation of protecting children from violence in the home, it would be challenging to involve parents/grandparents for effective intervention. Participants' three priority strategies have a substantial policy and program implications for Cambodia's primary prevention of VAC action strategy. Community-based mobilization, education, and capacity building need to start and sustain the community.
本研究考察了父母和祖父母对侵害儿童暴力行为（VAC）的理解以及在家中预防VAC的策略。研究问题：父母和祖父母对VAC有哪些理解？哪些儿童管教方式属于暴力行为？预防VAC的策略有哪些？参与者：来自一个小型农村社区的30名父母和祖父母。进行了六次焦点小组讨论（FGD），参与者分享了他们在儿童管教、VAC形式以及提议的干预策略方面的看法和做法。在两个社区论坛中，参与者讨论了在不同FGD中产生的干预策略，并就三项优先策略达成了一致。在FGD和社区会议期间，没有一名参与者提及任何关于在家中应对VAC的法律、法规或政府策略。参与者对VAC的形式表达了困惑、复杂的感受和反应。一些人一致认为欺骗、操纵、恐吓（som lot）、威胁（Kom ream）、恶语、责骂（je）和体罚（即用物体殴打）是不可接受的管教方式，会对儿童的幸福产生不利影响。另一些人则同意在一定程度和背景下谨慎使用此类管教方式。参与者提出了三项在家中应对VAC的优先策略，其中两项——社区意识与教育以及基于社区的努力——符合柬埔寨2017至2024年预防和应对VAC行动计划策略。第三项策略，即应对与酒精危害相关的暴力行为，虽然未在2017至2024年行动计划中提及，但被认为对预防VAC至关重要。父母和祖父母在家庭儿童保护中发挥着重要作用。然而，由于没有对VAC进行明确界定，也没有阐明在家中保护儿童免受暴力侵害，要让父母/祖父母参与有效干预将具有挑战性。参与者的三项优先策略对柬埔寨预防VAC的主要行动策略具有重大的政策和方案意义。基于社区的动员、教育和能力建设需要启动并维持社区行动。
