Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia.
Terre des Hommes Foundation, Avenue de Montchoisi, 15-CH-1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Terre des Hommes Foundation, Afghanistan Country Office, House No. 103, Quali-Fatullah, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Feb;76:95-105. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.010. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Violence against children (VAC) in Afghanistan is a serious issue in the context of many decades of conflict and poverty. To date, limited studies have explored the extent of VAC in Afghanistan and the settings where VAC takes place. To understand (i) the extent of VAC, (ii) settings where VAC takes place, (iii) parental forms of VAC and (iv) regional differences, an interview administered cross-sectional survey was employed among a community sample of 145 children and 104 parents living within Kabul, Torkham, and Jalalabad. Demographic information was collected as well as items from the International Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-CH). In this study, 71% of children reported experiencing physical violence is some form in the past year. Home was the most likely location of violence. The overwhelming majority of parents reported using physical violence as a discipline method. Parents who attained higher levels of education and had more skilled occupations used violence less as a discipline method. However, consistent with international research, children cited their parents as their preferred source of support in situations of violence. Interestingly, parents did not see violent forms of discipline as more effective than non-violent strategies. The results offer a disturbing yet 'on the ground' insight into VAC in Afghanistan from the experience of children and parents. The results have important implications for programming design and provide a focus for stopping and preventing VAC in Afghanistan and similar contexts.
阿富汗的儿童暴力（VAC）是在几十年的冲突和贫困背景下的一个严重问题。迄今为止，有限的研究探讨了阿富汗 VAC 的程度以及 VAC 发生的环境。为了了解（i）VAC 的程度，（ii）VAC 发生的环境，（iii）父母对 VAC 的形式，以及（iv）地区差异，我们对居住在喀布尔、托尔卡姆和贾拉拉巴德的 145 名儿童和 104 名父母进行了一项基于社区的横断面访谈调查。收集了人口统计信息以及《国际儿童虐待筛查工具》（ICAST-CH）的项目。在这项研究中，71%的儿童报告在过去一年中曾以某种形式经历过身体暴力。家是暴力最有可能发生的地方。绝大多数父母报告说，他们曾用身体暴力作为一种管教方式。受教育程度较高和从事技术职业的父母较少使用暴力作为管教方式。然而，与国际研究一致，儿童表示在遭受暴力时，他们首选的支持来源是父母。有趣的是，父母并不认为暴力管教比非暴力策略更有效。这些结果提供了一个令人不安但又“真实”的视角，了解阿富汗的儿童暴力情况，来自儿童和父母的经历。这些结果对方案设计具有重要意义，并为在阿富汗和类似背景下制止和预防儿童暴力提供了重点。
