USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
ORISE Fellow, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 8;17(8):e0272557. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272557. eCollection 2022.
Avian lymphoid leukosis-like (LL-like) lymphoma has been observed in some experimental and commercial lines of chickens that are free of exogenous avian leukosis virus. Reported cases of avian lymphoid leukosis-like lymphoma incidences in the susceptible chickens are relatively low, but the apathogenic subgroup E avian leukosis virus (ALV-E) and the Marek's disease vaccine, SB-1, significantly escalate the disease incidence in the susceptible chickens. However, the underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we bioinformatically analyzed the deep RNA sequences of 6 lymphoid leukosis-like lymphoma samples, collected from susceptible chickens post both ALV-E and SB-1 inoculation, and identified a total of 1,692 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Thirty-nine of those novel lncRNAs were detected with altered expression in the LL-like tumors. In addition, 13 lncRNAs whose neighboring genes also showed differentially expression and 2 conserved novel lncRNAs, XLOC_001407 and XLOC_022595, may have previously un-appreciated roles in tumor development in human. Furthermore, 14 lncRNAs, especially XLOC_004542, exhibited strong potential as competing endogenous RNAs via sponging miRNAs. The analysis also showed that ALV subgroup E viral gene Gag/Gag-pol and the MD vaccine SB-1 viral gene R-LORF1 and ORF413 were particularly detectable in the LL-like tumor samples. In addition, we discovered 982 novel lncRNAs that were absent in the current annotation of chicken genome and 39 of them were aberrantly expressed in the tumors. This is the first time that lncRNA signature is identified in avian lymphoid leukosis-like lymphoma and suggests the epigenetic factor, lncRNA, is involved with the avian lymphoid leukosis-like lymphoma formation and development in susceptible chickens. Further studies to elucidate the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the avian lymphoid leukosis-like lymphoma is indeed warranted.
禽淋巴细胞白血病样(LL 样)淋巴瘤已在一些无外源性禽白血病病毒的实验和商业鸡系中观察到。在易感鸡中报道的禽淋巴细胞白血病样淋巴瘤发病率相对较低,但亚群 E 禽白血病病毒(ALV-E)和马立克氏病疫苗 SB-1 显著增加了易感鸡的疾病发病率。然而,肿瘤发生的潜在机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们对 6 个来自易感鸡的禽淋巴细胞白血病样淋巴瘤样本的深度 RNA 序列进行了生物信息学分析,这些样本在接种 ALV-E 和 SB-1 后被收集,总共鉴定出 1692 个新的长非编码 RNA(lncRNA)。在 LL 样肿瘤中检测到其中 39 个新型 lncRNA 的表达发生改变。此外,有 13 个 lncRNA 的邻近基因也表现出差异表达,2 个保守的新型 lncRNA,XLOC_001407 和 XLOC_022595,可能在人类肿瘤发展中具有以前未被重视的作用。此外,14 个 lncRNA,特别是 XLOC_004542,通过海绵吸附 miRNA 表现出很强的作为竞争性内源 RNA 的潜力。分析还表明,ALV 亚群 E 病毒基因 Gag/Gag-pol 和 MD 疫苗 SB-1 病毒基因 R-LORF1 和 ORF413 在 LL 样肿瘤样本中特别可检测到。此外,我们发现了 982 个在鸡基因组当前注释中不存在的新 lncRNA,其中 39 个在肿瘤中异常表达。这是首次在禽淋巴细胞白血病样淋巴瘤中鉴定出 lncRNA 特征,并表明表观遗传因子 lncRNA 参与了易感鸡中禽淋巴细胞白血病样淋巴瘤的形成和发展。进一步阐明禽淋巴细胞白血病样淋巴瘤的遗传和表观遗传机制的研究确实是必要的。