Principles of Screening for Disease and Health Risk Factors in the Emergency Department.

The emergency department serves as a critical access point to the health system for many patients, especially those with limited resources. Screening for disease or risk factors for poor health outcomes can potentially improve both individual and population health. Screening initiatives should focus on evidence-based strategies and take local epidemiology and ED capacity into consideration. Initiatives should strive for community support and transparency with patients. They should also be financially sustainable for those involved. Screening can identify patients who can then be counseled, provided with prophylaxis or treatment, or referred to external resources. Through screening and intervention, the ED can serve as a vital contributor to individual and population health.