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[授予销售药品许可作为专业化的一个指标:维克托·冯·伊万奇奇·德·玛尔吉塔(1812 - 1892)于1851年在维也纳担任“泌尿生殖器官外科讲师”]

[Granting of venia legendi as an indicator of specialization : Victor von Ivánchich de Margita (1812-1892) "Lecturer for surgery of the urogenital organs" in Vienna in 1851].

作者信息

Moll Friedrich H, Halling Thorsten, Shariat Shahrokh F

机构信息

Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.

Urologische Klinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Neufelder Straße 32, 51067, Köln, Deutschland.

出版信息

Urologie. 2022 Sep;61(9):996-1010. doi: 10.1007/s00120-022-01904-6. Epub 2022 Aug 9.

DOI:10.1007/s00120-022-01904-6
PMID:35943546
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9424176/
Abstract

Alongside Paris, Vienna was one of the early centers of specialization and professionalization in medicine and urology in the 19th century. Especially the 2nd Vienna Medical School (Erna Lesky) with its main representatives Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky (in Czech: Karel Rokytanský; 1804-1878) and Joseph Ritter von Škoda (1895-1881) was able to create the perfect scientific environment for young students to become acquainted with new fields of research often in an interdisciplinary setting, e.g., chemistry, microscopy or pathology in combination with clinical departments like surgery. We analyze the process of habilitation using the example of a urologist to outline this process within the history of science.

摘要

19世纪,维也纳与巴黎一道,是医学和泌尿学专业化及职业化的早期中心之一。特别是第二维也纳医学院(埃尔娜·莱斯基),其主要代表人物卡尔·弗赖赫尔·冯·罗基坦斯基(捷克语:卡雷尔·罗基坦斯基;1804 - 1878)和约瑟夫·里特·冯·斯科达(1895 - 1881),能够为年轻学生创造出完美的科学环境,使他们常常在跨学科背景下接触新的研究领域,例如化学、显微镜学或病理学与外科等临床科室相结合的领域。我们以一位泌尿科医生为例,分析 habilitation 的过程,以勾勒出这一过程在科学史上的情况。 (注:“habilitation”在医学教育领域有“取得大学授课资格”等含义,这里保留英文未翻译,因为在医学专业语境下,可能有特定专业含义,直接翻译可能影响对原文准确理解,具体含义需结合医学教育背景知识确定。)

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/f433553af2c5/120_2022_1904_Fig13_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/b0277841d8c8/120_2022_1904_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/635782642933/120_2022_1904_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/1127e38b34a4/120_2022_1904_Fig11_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/0f6dd833eacf/120_2022_1904_Fig12_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/f433553af2c5/120_2022_1904_Fig13_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/c3db594f7162/120_2022_1904_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/a27fce8119a7/120_2022_1904_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/098077fd8e53/120_2022_1904_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/492f550cd00a/120_2022_1904_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/cbc9b94317b7/120_2022_1904_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/29f4c07da717/120_2022_1904_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/df19d9e3eba5/120_2022_1904_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/d11d29bc58db/120_2022_1904_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/b0277841d8c8/120_2022_1904_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/635782642933/120_2022_1904_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/1127e38b34a4/120_2022_1904_Fig11_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/0f6dd833eacf/120_2022_1904_Fig12_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7ae2/9424176/f433553af2c5/120_2022_1904_Fig13_HTML.jpg

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Transfer of Knowledge in Urology: A Case Study of Jacob Eduard Polak (1818-1891) and the Introduction of Contemporary Techniques of Lithotomy and Lithotripsy from Vienna to Persia in the Mid-19th Century: A New Analysis of Scientific Papers from the 19th Century.
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