Zheng Chao, Yao Yu, Rui Xianhong, Feng Yuezhan, Yang Dan, Pan Hongge, Yu Yan
Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
Adv Mater. 2022 Dec;34(51):e2204988. doi: 10.1002/adma.202204988. Epub 2022 Nov 18.
MXenes are seen as an exceptional candidate to reshape the future of energy with their viable surface chemistry, ultrathin 2D structure, and excellent electronic conductivity. The extensive research efforts bring about rapid expansion of the MXene families with enriched functionalities, which significantly boost performance of the existing energy-storage devices. In this review, the strategies that are developed to functionalize the MXene-based materials, including tailoring their microstructure by ions/molecules/polymers-initiated interaction or self-assembly, surface/interface engineering with dopants or functional groups, constructing heterostructures from MXenes with various materials, and transforming them into a series of derivatives inheriting the merits of the MXene precursors are highlighted. Their applications in emerging battery technologies are demonstrated and discussed. With delicate functionalization and structural engineering, MXene-based electrode materials exhibit improved specific capacity and rate capability, and their presence further suppresses and even eliminates dendrite formation on the metal anodes, which lengthens the lifespan of the rechargeable batteries. Meanwhile, MXenes serve as additives for electrolytes, separators, and current collectors. Finally, some future directions worth of exploration to address the remaining challenging issues of MXene-based materials and achieve the next-generation high-power and low-cost rechargeable batteries are proposed.
MXenes凭借其可行的表面化学性质、超薄二维结构和出色的电子导电性，被视为重塑能源未来的杰出候选材料。广泛的研究工作使MXene家族迅速扩展，功能日益丰富，这显著提升了现有储能设备的性能。在本综述中，重点介绍了为使基于MXene的材料功能化而开发的策略，包括通过离子/分子/聚合物引发的相互作用或自组装来调整其微观结构、利用掺杂剂或官能团进行表面/界面工程、将MXenes与各种材料构建异质结构，以及将它们转化为一系列继承MXene前驱体优点的衍生物。展示并讨论了它们在新兴电池技术中的应用。通过精细的功能化和结构工程，基于MXene的电极材料展现出更高的比容量和倍率性能，并且它们的存在进一步抑制甚至消除了金属阳极上枝晶的形成，从而延长了可充电电池的使用寿命。同时，MXenes还可作为电解质、隔膜和集流体的添加剂。最后，提出了一些未来值得探索的方向，以解决基于MXene的材料尚存的挑战性问题，并实现下一代高功率、低成本的可充电电池。
