Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (De Rubeis, Anderson, Khattar, Oz, Griffith, Raina), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Applied Research Division (De Rubeis, Khattar, de Groh, Jiang), Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Basta, Wolfson), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Kirkland), Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (De Rubeis, Anderson, Khattar, Oz, Griffith, Raina), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Applied Research Division (De Rubeis, Khattar, de Groh, Jiang), Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (Basta, Wolfson), School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Kirkland), Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
CMAJ Open. 2022 Aug 9;10(3):E721-E730. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20210313. Print 2022 Jul-Sep.
The indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults, such as stress, are unknown. We sought to describe the stressors and perceived consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults in Canada and to evaluate differences by socioeconomic factors.
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 Exit Questionnaire (September-December 2020). A 12-item checklist was used to assess stressors (e.g., income loss, separation from family) experienced during the pandemic, and a single question was used to measure perceived consequences. We used a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution and log link to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between socioeconomic factors, stressors and perceived consequences.
Among the 23 972 older adults (aged 50-96 yr) included in this study, 17 977 (75.5%) reported at least 1 stressor during the pandemic, with 5796 (24.4%) experiencing 3 or more stressors. The consequences of the pandemic were perceived as negative by 23 020 (63.1%) participants. Females were more likely to report most stressors than males, such as separation from family (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.28-1.35). The perceived consequences of the pandemic varied by region; residents of Quebec were less likely to perceive the consequences of the pandemic as negative (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.84-0.91) than those of the Atlantic provinces.
These findings suggest that older adults across Canada experienced stressors and perceived the pandemic consequences as negative, though stressors and perceptions of consequences varied by socioeconomic factors and geography, highlighting inequalities. Future research will be needed to estimate the impact of stress during the pandemic on future health outcomes.
COVID-19 大流行对老年人的间接影响，如压力，尚不清楚。我们旨在描述 COVID-19 大流行期间对加拿大老年人的压力源和感知后果，并评估社会经济因素的差异。
我们使用加拿大老龄化纵向研究 COVID-19 退出问卷（2020 年 9 月至 12 月）的数据进行了一项横断面研究。使用 12 项清单评估大流行期间经历的压力源（例如收入损失、与家人分离），并使用一个问题来衡量感知后果。我们使用具有二项分布和对数链接的广义线性模型来估计社会经济因素、压力源和感知后果之间关联的患病率比和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在这项研究中，包括 23972 名年龄在 50-96 岁的老年人，其中 17977 名（75.5%）报告在大流行期间至少有 1 个压力源，5796 名（24.4%）经历了 3 个或更多压力源。23020 名（63.1%）参与者认为大流行的后果是负面的。女性比男性更有可能报告大多数压力源，例如与家人分离（调整后的患病率比 1.31，95%CI 1.28-1.35）。大流行的后果因地区而异；与大西洋省份相比，魁北克的居民不太可能认为大流行的后果是负面的（调整后的患病率比 0.87，95%CI 0.84-0.91）。
这些发现表明，加拿大各地的老年人经历了压力源，并认为大流行的后果是负面的，尽管压力源和对后果的看法因社会经济因素和地理位置而异，突出了不平等现象。未来的研究将需要估计大流行期间的压力对未来健康结果的影响。
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