新冠疫情期间的抑郁、焦虑和压力：来自新西兰精神健康队列研究的结果。
Depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a New Zealand cohort study on mental well-being.
机构信息
Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2021 May 3;11(5):e045325. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045325.
OBJECTIVES
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to daily life. This study investigated depression, anxiety and stress in New Zealand (NZ) during the first 10 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated psychological and behavioural factors. It also compares the results with a similar cross-sectional study in the UK.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
NZ community cohort.
PARTICIPANTS
N=681 adults (≥18 years) in NZ. The cohort was predominantly female (89%) with a mean age of 42 years (range 18-87). Most (74%) identified as NZ European and almost half (46%) were keyworkers. Most were non-smokers (95%) and 20% identified themselves as having clinical risk factors which would put them at increased or greatest risk of COVID-19.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Depression, anxiety, stress, positive mood and engagement in health behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption).
RESULTS
Depression and anxiety significantly exceeded population norms (p<0.0001). Being younger (p<0.0001) and most at risk of COVID-19 (p<0.05) were associated with greater depression, anxiety and stress. Greater positive mood, lower loneliness and greater exercise were protective factors for all outcomes (p<0.0001). Smoking (p=0.037) and alcohol consumption (p<0.05) were associated with increased anxiety. Pet ownership was associated with lower depression (p=0.006) and anxiety (p=0.008). When adjusting for age and gender differences, anxiety (p0.002) and stress (p0.007) were significantly lower in NZ than in the UK. The NZ sample reported lower perceived risk (p<0.0001) and worry about COVID-19 (p<0.0001) than the UK sample.
CONCLUSIONS
The NZ population had higher depression and anxiety compared with population norms. Younger people and those most at risk of COVID-19 reported poorer mental health. Interventions should promote frequent exercise, and reduce loneliness and unhealthy behaviours.
目的
新冠疫情对日常生活造成了前所未有的干扰。本研究调查了新西兰（NZ）在新冠疫情的前 10 周期间的抑郁、焦虑和压力，以及相关的心理和行为因素。它还将结果与英国的一项类似横断面研究进行了比较。
设计
横断面研究。
设置
NZ 社区队列。
参与者
NZ 有 681 名成年人（≥18 岁）参与。队列中女性占主导地位（89%），平均年龄为 42 岁（18-87 岁）。大多数人（74%）认为自己是新西兰欧洲人，近一半（46%）是关键工作者。大多数人不吸烟（95%），20%的人认为自己有临床风险因素，这会使他们面临更高或最大的新冠风险。
主要结果测量
抑郁、焦虑、压力、积极情绪和参与健康行为（吸烟、锻炼、饮酒）。
结果
抑郁和焦虑显著超过了人群正常值（p<0.0001）。年龄较小（p<0.0001）和面临最大新冠风险（p<0.05）与更大的抑郁、焦虑和压力有关。更大的积极情绪、较低的孤独感和更多的锻炼是所有结果的保护因素（p<0.0001）。吸烟（p=0.037）和饮酒（p<0.05）与焦虑增加有关。宠物拥有与更低的抑郁（p=0.006）和焦虑（p=0.008）有关。在调整年龄和性别差异后，新西兰的焦虑（p0.002）和压力（p0.007）明显低于英国。与英国相比，新西兰的样本报告的新冠风险感知（p<0.0001）和对新冠的担忧（p<0.0001）更低。
结论
与人群正常值相比，新西兰人口的抑郁和焦虑程度更高。年轻人和面临最大新冠风险的人报告的心理健康状况更差。干预措施应促进经常锻炼，并减少孤独感和不健康行为。
Zotero 插件