State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Aug 5;101(31):e29606. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029606.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported food allergy among university students in China. A cluster-random sampling population-based cross-sectional study using self - administrated questionnaire was conducted with 2538 college students recruited from 6 universities in China. The questionnaire included data on age, sex, weight, height, FA, comorbid allergic diseases, family history, and understanding food allergy. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 statistical software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors related to self-reported food allergy and estimate the odds ratio. A total of 2538 questionnaires were distributed to the undergraduate students and 2313 completely effective questionnaires were collected, the effective response rate was 91.1%. 834 males and 1479 females were recruited, and their age ranged from 18 to 25 years old. The prevalence of self-reported food allergy was 15.7%, and the rate of doctor-diagnosed food allergy was 8.4%. The leading food allergens included shrimp, shellfish, milk, egg, peach, mango, beef, and peanut, and the prevalence of shrimp allergy was the highest (5.8%). The main clinical manifestation included skin mucous membrane and respiratory symptoms. The prevalence of food allergy were statistically significant difference (P < .05) between different age groups, family history, sun exposure times, smoking, and antibiotic use. Over 45% college students know little about food allergy. The prevalence of self-reported food allergy among Chinese college students was high (15.7%). Shrimp was the main allergenic food, followed by shellfish, milk, egg, peach, and mango. Family history, sun exposure, obesity, and using antibiotics may be the influencing factors of food allergy. The Chinese undergraduates lacked the knowledge about food allergy. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the health education program on food allergy for college students in China and other middle high-income nations.
本研究旨在调查中国大学生中自我报告的食物过敏患病率。采用基于人群的聚类随机抽样横断面研究，使用自我管理问卷对中国 6 所大学的 2538 名大学生进行了调查。问卷包括年龄、性别、体重、身高、食物过敏、合并过敏性疾病、家族史和对食物过敏的了解等数据。采用 SPSS 25.0 统计软件进行数据分析。采用多因素 logistic 回归分析方法分析与自我报告食物过敏相关的危险因素，并估计比值比。共向本科学生发放 2538 份问卷，收回 2313 份有效问卷，有效回收率为 91.1%。共招募 834 名男性和 1479 名女性，年龄 18-25 岁。自我报告食物过敏的患病率为 15.7%，医生诊断的食物过敏患病率为 8.4%。主要食物过敏原包括虾、贝类、牛奶、鸡蛋、桃、芒果、牛肉和花生，虾过敏的患病率最高（5.8%）。主要临床表现包括皮肤黏膜和呼吸道症状。不同年龄组、家族史、日照时间、吸烟和使用抗生素之间食物过敏的患病率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超过 45%的大学生对食物过敏知之甚少。中国大学生自我报告食物过敏的患病率较高（15.7%）。虾是主要的致敏食物，其次是贝类、牛奶、鸡蛋、桃和芒果。家族史、日照、肥胖和使用抗生素可能是食物过敏的影响因素。中国大学生对食物过敏的知识匮乏。因此，有必要加强中国等中等收入以上国家大学生的食物过敏健康教育计划。
