体重状况（肥胖、超重和体重不足）与青年期物质使用之间的差异关联。
Differential Associations between Weight Status (Obesity, Overweight, and Underweight) and Substance Use in Young Adulthood.
机构信息
Department of Human Development, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
出版信息
Subst Use Misuse. 2022;57(11):1663-1672. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2107670. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
BACKGROUND
Past evidence suggests obesity co-occurs with tobacco/nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use in young adulthood, but whether this relationship extends to nicotine or cannabis vaping is unclear. Furthermore, differential relationships between substance use and specific weight status categories (obesity, overweight, and underweight) have not been assessed. This study assessed prevalence of tobacco/nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use by weight status categories in young adulthood.
METHODS
Of the 1322 young adults (18-29 years; 20.5 ± 2.3 years; 63% female; 42% Hispanic/Latino/a/x, 30% Asian-American/Asian, 18% Caucasian/White, 7% Multiracial, and 2% African-American/Black) from a public, urban university were surveyed on their health-risk behaviors in the spring and fall of 2021.
RESULTS
Multinomial logistic regression models assessed six-month follow-up substance use prevalence (never, lifetime but no past 30-d use, and past 30-d use) by baseline weight status (obese, overweight, underweight; reference: healthy weight). Obesity predicted lower odds of past 30-d nicotine vaping (aOR [95% CI] = 0.27 [0.08-0.92]). Overweight predicted higher odds of lifetime combustible cannabis (aOR [95% CI] = 1.58 [1.08-2.30]) and past 30-d binge drinking (aOR [95% CI] = 1.79 [1.12-2.85]). Underweight was associated with lower odds of lifetime cannabis vaping (aOR [95% CI] = 0.35 [0.12-0.99]) and combustible cannabis (aOR [95% CI] = 0.38 [0.16-0.87]).
CONCLUSIONS
Differential relationships between obesity and overweight on tobacco/nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use suggest greater specificity is needed when evaluating relationships between higher weight status and substance use. It appears that overweight young adults may be at higher risk of substance use than obese young adults. Greater efforts to consider multiple weight status groups, not just obese, may have significant implications for tobacco/nicotine prevention and intervention efforts targeting vulnerable populations.
背景
过去的证据表明，肥胖与年轻人时期的烟草/尼古丁、大麻和酒精使用并存，但这种关系是否扩展到尼古丁或大麻蒸气吸入尚不清楚。此外，尚未评估物质使用与特定体重状况类别（肥胖、超重和体重不足）之间的差异关系。本研究评估了年轻人时期烟草/尼古丁、大麻和酒精使用与体重状况类别的相关性。
方法
在 2021 年春季和秋季，对来自一所公立城市大学的 1322 名 18-29 岁（20.5±2.3 岁；63%女性；42%西班牙裔/拉丁裔/，30%亚裔美国人/亚洲人，18%白种人/白人，7%多种族，2%非裔美国人/黑人）的年轻人进行健康风险行为调查。
结果
多变量逻辑回归模型评估了按基线体重状况（肥胖、超重、体重不足；参考：健康体重）进行的 6 个月随访物质使用流行率（从未、终身但过去 30 天未使用、过去 30 天使用）。肥胖预测过去 30 天尼古丁蒸气吸入的几率较低（调整比值比[95%置信区间] = 0.27[0.08-0.92]）。超重预测终生可燃大麻（调整比值比[95%置信区间] = 1.58[1.08-2.30]）和过去 30 天 binge 饮酒（调整比值比[95%置信区间] = 1.79[1.12-2.85]）的几率较高。体重不足与终生大麻蒸气吸入（调整比值比[95%置信区间] = 0.35[0.12-0.99]）和可燃大麻（调整比值比[95%置信区间] = 0.38[0.16-0.87]）的几率较低相关。
结论
肥胖与超重对烟草/尼古丁、大麻和酒精使用的关系不同，这表明在评估较高体重状况与物质使用之间的关系时需要更大的特异性。超重的年轻人似乎比肥胖的年轻人更容易出现物质使用问题。考虑多种体重状况群体，而不仅仅是肥胖者，可能会对针对弱势群体的烟草/尼古丁预防和干预工作产生重大影响。
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