Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga, Km.7, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca (8000), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2022 Aug 5;94(4):e20200702. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200702. eCollection 2022.
The tarantula genus Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 includes 20 valid species distributed in Argentina and Brazil. These spiders are distinguished from other Theraphosinae genera by the presence of an incrassate femur III, more evident in males, urticating hair types III and IV on the abdominal dorsum, few cuspules on the labium (0 to 30), maxillae with a maximum of 200 cuspules and sternum rounded. From recent examination of material from Peru, we discovered specimens that share all the morphological characters of Tmesiphantes, but did not fit with any known species. In the present study T. intiyaykuy sp. nov. is diagnosed, described, and illustrated. This new species resembles T. caymmii in the circular patch with stiff setae on midventral abdomen but can be distinguished by the shape of the palpal bulb and spermathecae. Also, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters to infer the taxonomic placement of the new species. The analysis included 26 terminal species and 36 characters. Representatives of Tmesiphantes formed a monophyletic group and T. intiyaykuy sp. nov. is close related with T. caymmii. A dichotomous identification key and a geographic distribution map were constructed for recognized species of Tmesiphantes.
球蛛科 Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 属包括 20 个有效种，分布于阿根廷和巴西。这些蜘蛛与其他 Theraphosinae 属的区别在于第三股骨粗壮，雄性更为明显，腹部背面有 III 型和 IV 型蛰毛，唇基上的小齿（0 到 30）较少，上颌最多有 200 个小齿，胸板圆形。最近对秘鲁标本的检查发现，有些标本具有 Tmesiphantes 的所有形态特征，但与任何已知物种都不相符。在本研究中，我们诊断、描述并图示了 T. intiyaykuy sp. nov. 这个新种与 T. caymmii 相似，都具有腹部中线的圆形斑块和硬毛，但可以通过触肢器和精荚的形状来区分。此外，我们还使用形态特征进行了系统发育分析，以推断新种的分类地位。该分析包括 26 个末端种和 36 个特征。Tmesiphantes 的代表形成了一个单系群，T. intiyaykuy sp. nov. 与 T. caymmii 关系密切。为已识别的 Tmesiphantes 物种构建了一个二叉鉴定钥匙和地理分布图。
