EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon 33882, France.
Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7.
Plant Physiol. 2022 Oct 27;190(3):1673-1686. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac361.
Climate change is challenging the resilience of grapevine (Vitis), one of the most important crops worldwide. Adapting viticulture to a hotter and drier future will require a multifaceted approach including the breeding of more drought-tolerant genotypes. In this study, we focused on plant hydraulics as a multi-trait system that allows the plant to maintain hydraulic integrity and gas exchange rates longer under drought. We quantified a broad range of drought-related traits within and across Vitis species, created in silico libraries of trait combinations, and then identified drought tolerant trait syndromes. By modeling the maintenance of hydraulic integrity of current cultivars and the drought tolerant trait syndromes, we identified elite ideotypes that increased the amount of time they could experience drought without leaf hydraulic failure. Generally, elites exhibited a trait syndrome with lower stomatal conductance, earlier stomatal closure, and a larger hydraulic safety margin. We demonstrated that, when compared with current cultivars, elite ideotypes have the potential to decrease the risk of hydraulic failure across wine regions under future climate scenarios. This study reveals the syndrome of traits that can be leveraged to protect grapevine from experiencing hydraulic failure under drought and increase drought tolerance.
气候变化正在挑战葡萄（Vitis）的适应能力，葡萄是全球最重要的作物之一。为了使葡萄栽培适应更炎热和干燥的未来，需要采取多方面的方法，包括培育更耐旱的基因型。在这项研究中，我们专注于植物水力学，将其作为一个多性状系统，使植物在干旱条件下能够更长时间地保持水力完整性和气体交换率。我们在葡萄属内和跨属范围内量化了广泛的与干旱相关的性状，创建了性状组合的计算机模拟文库，然后确定了耐旱性状综合。通过模拟当前品种的水力完整性维持和耐旱性状综合，我们确定了具有精英特征的品种，它们可以在不发生叶片水力衰竭的情况下经历更长时间的干旱。一般来说，精英品种表现出较低的气孔导度、较早的气孔关闭和更大的水力安全裕度的性状综合。我们证明，与当前品种相比，精英品种有可能降低未来气候情景下葡萄酒产区发生水力衰竭的风险。这项研究揭示了可以利用的性状综合，以保护葡萄免受干旱条件下的水力衰竭，并提高耐旱性。
