Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Department of Biology, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL, 65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 3):114014. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114014. Epub 2022 Aug 7.
Based on studies of the wintering population of mute swans in large urban agglomerations, it is possible to identify and infer the impact of environmental pollution in coastal regions near Baltic Sea on the physiological and biochemical changes in the blood of waterfowls. Hematological and biochemical changes in the blood in relation to chemical elements in their feathers are a useful tool for general ecophysiological conclusions. Hematological changes and blood chemistry in Mute Swan Cygnus olor is particularly environmentally dependent, therefore we examined hematological picture (red blood cells RBC, white blood cells WBC, heterophiles, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio H/L, biochemical indicators (glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, total protein), stability of erythrocyte membranes, concentration of Ca, P, Mg in the blood, concentration of Al, Zn, Rh, Cu, Ru, Fe, Pb in feathers, in wintering population of 172 mute swans of different age (juvenile, adult) and gender, in three coastal types of areas of Southern Polish zone of Baltic Sea (Słupsk, Gdynia, Sopot). Percentage of changes in the morphological indices in the blood of mute swans with three independent characteristics (environment, sex, age) revealed that hemoglobin content exhibited the highest value (R = 53.8%) in the analysis of morphological indices; the effect of RBC, WBC, and basophils was much lower (WBC > RBC > basophils). Male and female erythrocytes from the coastal of Gdynia were more fragile than those of birds from coasts of Sopot and Słupsk. We found that osmotic fragility is altered in juvenile swans from Słupsk area and males from Gdynia area. The consequence was a higher level of hemolyzed erythrocytes in their blood. The effect of type of environment, age-, and sex-related impact on hematological indices and biomarkers of biochemical alterations in the blood of swans and comparison of these data with bioaccumulation of chemical elements in feathers of swans inhabiting 3 types of environment of Baltic coastal zone show significant differences in the hematological and biochemical indices. Albumins and globulins maintain the blood cations balance, however, changes in their concentrations in the blood suggest an impact on physiological mechanisms and body condition of swans.
基于对大型城市群越冬大天鹅种群的研究，可以确定和推断波罗的海沿海地区的环境污染对水禽血液生理生化变化的影响。血液中与羽毛中化学元素相关的血液学和生物化学变化是进行一般生态生理学结论的有用工具。大天鹅（Cygnus olor）的血液学变化和血液化学成分特别受环境影响，因此我们检查了血液图像（红细胞 RBC、白细胞 WBC、异嗜性白细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、异嗜性白细胞与淋巴细胞比值 H/L、生化指标（葡萄糖、尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、钙、无机磷、镁、总蛋白）、红细胞膜稳定性、血液中 Ca、P、Mg 的浓度、羽毛中 Al、Zn、Rh、Cu、Ru、Fe、Pb 的浓度，在不同年龄（幼鸟、成鸟）和性别的 172 只越冬大天鹅的三种波罗的海波兰南部沿海地区（斯武普斯克、格丁尼亚、索波特）的种群中。形态指数的变化百分比与三个独立特征（环境、性别、年龄）有关，结果表明血红蛋白含量在形态指数分析中具有最高值（R=53.8%）；RBC、WBC 和嗜碱性粒细胞的影响要低得多（WBC>RBC>嗜碱性粒细胞）。格丁尼亚沿海地区的雄性和雌性红细胞比索波特和斯武普斯克沿海地区的鸟类红细胞更脆弱。我们发现，来自斯武普斯克地区的幼天鹅和来自格丁尼亚地区的雄性天鹅的渗透脆性发生了变化。结果是血液中溶血红细胞水平升高。环境类型、年龄和性别对天鹅血液学指标和生物化学变化生物标志物的影响，以及将这些数据与栖息在波罗的海沿海三种环境类型的天鹅羽毛中化学元素的生物累积进行比较，表明天鹅的血液学和生物化学指标存在显著差异。白蛋白和球蛋白维持血液阳离子平衡，然而，血液中它们浓度的变化表明对天鹅生理机制和身体状况的影响。
