Tkaczenko Halina, Hetmański Tomasz, Kamiński Piotr, Kurhaluk Natalia
Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, 76-200, Słupsk, PL, Poland.
Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, PL, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Mar;31(13):19927-19945. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32296-z. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
Environmental studies in Northern Poland are example of the functioning of ecophysiological relationships under anthropogenic impact. The aim of our studies was to investigate sex-dependent effects on the alterations in the concentration of chemical elements in soil samples collected from habitats of feral pigeon Columba livia f. urbana from Northern Poland, as well as feathers, biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and total cholinesterase activity in tissues (liver, kidney, brain). Concentration of Si, Zn, and Pb in feathers of pigeons was significant. The levels of Si and Zn were higher in feathers of females from non-polluted, while higher Pb levels were found only in females from polluted areas (p = 0.000). This was confirmed by MANOVA of biomarkers of antioxidant defense, elements concentration, and revealing the order of effects: tissue type > environment > sex. Erythrocytes of males living in polluted areas were more fragile to hemolytic agents resulting in a higher percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes. The effects of polluted environment on the level of carbonyl derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins compared to the effects of sex were more pronounced in the case of kidney (p = 0.000) and hepatic tissues (p = 0.000). Polluted areas were associated with significant increase in SOD activity in the brain and hepatic tissues of pigeons (p = 0.000). Health status of feral pigeons is significantly different in conditions of environmental destabilization.
波兰北部的环境研究是人为影响下生态生理关系运作的一个例子。我们研究的目的是调查性别对从波兰北部野生家鸽（Columba livia f. urbana）栖息地采集的土壤样本中化学元素浓度变化的影响，以及对组织（肝脏、肾脏、大脑）中羽毛、氧化应激生物标志物、抗氧化防御和总胆碱酯酶活性的影响。鸽子羽毛中硅、锌和铅的浓度具有显著差异。在未受污染地区，雌性鸽子羽毛中的硅和锌含量较高，而仅在受污染地区的雌性鸽子羽毛中发现较高的铅含量（p = 0.000）。对抗氧化防御生物标志物、元素浓度进行的多变量方差分析证实了这一点，并揭示了影响顺序：组织类型＞环境＞性别。生活在污染地区的雄性鸽子的红细胞对溶血剂更脆弱，导致溶血红细胞的百分比更高。与性别影响相比，污染环境对氧化修饰蛋白羰基衍生物水平的影响在肾脏（p = 0.000）和肝脏组织（p = 0.000）中更为明显。污染地区与鸽子大脑和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性的显著增加有关（p = 0.000）。在环境不稳定的情况下，野生家鸽的健康状况存在显著差异。
