Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Oct;30(5):1503-1516. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-01040-9. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
The Covid-19, a threatening pandemic, was originated from China in December 2019 and spread quickly to all over the world. The pathogenesis of coronavirus is linked with the disproportionate response of the immune system. This involves the systemic inflammatory reaction which is characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release commonly known as cytokine release storm (CRS). The pro inflammatory cytokines are involved in cascade of pulmonary inflammation, hyper coagulation and thrombosis which may be lethal for the individual. That's why, it is very important to have understanding of pro inflammatory cytokines and their pathological role in SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis of Covid is not the same in every individual, it can vary due to the presence of pre-existing comorbidities like suffering from already an inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an immune-compromised patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) are more vulnerable morbidity and complications following COVID-19. This review is particularly related to COVID-19 patients having comorbidity of other inflammatory diseases. We have discussed the brief pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cytokines release storm with reference to other co-morbidities including RA, IBD, COPD, DM and TB. The available therapeutic regimens for COVID-19 including cytokine inhibitors, anti-viral, anti-biotic, bronchodilators, JAK- inhibitors, immunomodulators and anti-fibrotic agents have also been discussed briefly. Moreover, newly emerging medicines in the clinical trials have also been discussed which are found to be effective in treating Covid-19.
新冠病毒（Covid-19）是一种具有威胁性的大流行病，于 2019 年 12 月在中国起源，并迅速传播到世界各地。冠状病毒的发病机制与免疫系统的过度反应有关。这涉及到全身炎症反应，其特征是明显的促炎细胞因子释放，通常称为细胞因子释放风暴（CRS）。促炎细胞因子参与肺部炎症、高凝和血栓形成的级联反应，这可能对个体致命。这就是为什么了解促炎细胞因子及其在 SARS-CoV-2 中的病理作用非常重要。每个个体的新冠病毒发病机制都不相同，由于存在预先存在的合并症，如已经患有炎症性疾病，如类风湿关节炎（RA）、炎症性肠病（IBD）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、免疫功能低下的糖尿病患者（DM）和结核病（TB），发病机制可能会有所不同。这些患者在感染新冠病毒后更容易出现发病率和并发症。这篇综述特别涉及到患有其他炎症性疾病合并症的新冠病毒患者。我们讨论了 COVID-19 的简要发病机制和细胞因子释放风暴，并参考了包括 RA、IBD、COPD、DM 和 TB 在内的其他合并症。还简要讨论了 COVID-19 的可用治疗方案，包括细胞因子抑制剂、抗病毒药物、抗生素、支气管扩张剂、JAK 抑制剂、免疫调节剂和抗纤维化药物。此外，还讨论了临床试验中新兴的药物，这些药物被发现对治疗新冠病毒有效。
