Percopo Isabella, Ruggiero Maria Valeria, Sarno Diana, Longobardi Lorenzo, Rossi Rachele, Piredda Roberta, Zingone Adriana
Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples Italy.
Integrative Marine Ecology Department Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples Italy.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Aug 4;12(8):e9155. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9155. eCollection 2022 Aug.
The processes leading to the emergence of new species are poorly understood in marine plankton, where weak physical barriers and homogeneous environmental conditions limit spatial and ecological segregation. Here, we combine molecular and ecological information from a long-term time series and propose , a new cryptic planktonic diatom, as a possible case of speciation by temporal segregation. The new species differs in several genetic markers (18S, 28S and ITS rDNA fragments and L) from its closest relatives, which are morphologically very similar or identical, and is reproductively isolated from its sibling species . Data from a long-term plankton time series show invariably occurring in summer-autumn in the Gulf of Naples, where its closely related species , , and are instead found in winter-spring. Temperature and nutrients are the main factors associated with the occurrence of , which could have evolved in sympatry by switching its phenology and occupying a new ecological niche. This case of possible speciation by time shows the relevance of combining ecological time series with molecular information to shed light on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of marine microorganisms.
在海洋浮游生物中，导致新物种出现的过程还鲜为人知，因为微弱的物理屏障和均匀的环境条件限制了空间和生态隔离。在此，我们结合了长期时间序列中的分子和生态信息，并提出了一种新的隐性浮游硅藻，作为通过时间隔离实现物种形成的一个可能案例。该新物种在几个基因标记（18S、28S和ITS rDNA片段以及L）上与其形态上非常相似或相同的近亲不同，并且与其姊妹物种存在生殖隔离。长期浮游生物时间序列的数据显示，该物种始终在那不勒斯湾的夏秋季节出现，而其近亲物种 、 和 则在冬春季节出现。温度和营养是与该物种出现相关的主要因素，它可能通过改变物候并占据新的生态位而在同域中进化。这个可能通过时间实现物种形成的案例表明，将生态时间序列与分子信息相结合对于揭示海洋微生物的生态进化动态具有重要意义。
