Fatmi Syed S, Kaur Paramjit, Tangco Emmanuel, Bader Fadi, Aliabadi Darius
Internal Medicine, Southeast Health Medical Center, Dothan, USA.
Graduate Medical Education (GME) Internal Medicine, Southeast Health Medical Center, Dothan, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jul 7;14(7):e26628. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26628. eCollection 2022 Jul.
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs when vulnerable intravascular plaques rupture and produce eventual occlusion of the coronary circulation. With the increased prevalence of coronary artery disease, STEMIs and NSTEMIs are very well-studied and have generally been known to be caused by red and white thrombi, respectively. STEMIs have been more commonly associated with red clots, while NSTEMIs tend to be caused by white clots. Recent studies have also shown that a third of STEMIs are due to white clot formation, resulting in transmural infarction, most commonly seen at the coronary artery bifurcation. However, no cases of white clot STEMIs post-recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) administration have been described in the literature. The data regarding the utility of rTPA in lysing white clots is limited, questioning the overall efficacy of rTPA with white clot lysis. This case report presents a patient on depot contraceptive who had a persistent STEMI despite rTPA administration and was found to have formed a white clot, which was extracted on thrombectomy. As this unique presentation and its associated risk factors are explored in the future, we hope that this case report contributes to the body of knowledge in the detection and management of white clot MIs in the context of rTPA efficacy.
ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)发生于易损血管内斑块破裂并最终导致冠状动脉循环闭塞时。随着冠状动脉疾病患病率的增加,STEMI和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)得到了充分研究,一般认为分别由红色血栓和白色血栓引起。STEMI更常与红色血栓相关,而NSTEMI往往由白色血栓引起。最近的研究还表明,三分之一的STEMI是由白色血栓形成导致的透壁梗死,最常见于冠状动脉分叉处。然而,文献中尚未描述重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rTPA)给药后出现白色血栓STEMI的病例。关于rTPA溶解白色血栓效用的数据有限,这对rTPA溶解白色血栓的总体疗效提出了质疑。本病例报告介绍了一名使用长效避孕药的患者,尽管给予了rTPA治疗,但仍发生持续性STEMI,且发现形成了白色血栓,该血栓在血栓切除术时被取出。随着未来对这种独特表现及其相关危险因素的探索,我们希望本病例报告能为在rTPA疗效背景下白色血栓性心肌梗死的检测和管理方面的知识体系做出贡献。