Colman Andrew M, Pulford Briony D, Frosch Caren A, Mangiarulo Marta, Miles Jeremy N V
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Aug 3;9(8):202197. doi: 10.1098/rsos.202197. eCollection 2022 Aug.
In this preregistered study, we attempted to replicate and substantially extend a frequently cited experiment by Schurr and Ritov, published in 2016, suggesting that winners of pairwise competitions are more likely than others to steal money in subsequent games of chance against different opponents, possibly because of an enhanced sense of entitlement among competition winners. A replication seemed desirable because of the relevance of the effect to dishonesty in everyday life, the apparent counterintuitivity of the effect, possible problems and anomalies in the original study, and above all the fact that the researchers investigated only one potential explanation for the effect. Our results failed to replicate Schurr and Ritov's basic finding: we found no evidence to support the hypotheses that either winning or losing is associated with subsequent cheating. A second online study also failed to replicate Schurr and Ritov's basic finding. We used structural equation modelling to test four possible explanations for cheating-sense of entitlement, self-confidence, feeling lucky and inequality aversion. Only inequality aversion turned out to be significantly associated with cheating.
在这项预先注册的研究中，我们试图复制并大幅扩展舒尔和里托夫在2016年发表的一项被频繁引用的实验，该实验表明，在两两竞赛中的获胜者比其他人更有可能在随后与不同对手进行的机会游戏中偷钱，这可能是因为竞赛获胜者的权利意识增强。由于该效应与日常生活中的不诚实行为相关、效应明显违反直觉、原始研究中可能存在的问题和异常情况，尤其是研究人员只研究了该效应的一种潜在解释这一事实，进行复制似乎是可取的。我们的结果未能复制舒尔和里托夫的基本发现：我们没有发现证据支持获胜或失败与随后作弊有关的假设。第二项在线研究也未能复制舒尔和里托夫的基本发现。我们使用结构方程模型来测试作弊的四种可能解释——权利意识、自信、感觉幸运和不平等厌恶。结果发现只有不平等厌恶与作弊显著相关。
