Institute for Pre- and Protohistory, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Institute of History, University of J. E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 11;17(8):e0271353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271353. eCollection 2022.
Article presents the results of a complex traceological research of the famous statue of the "prince"of Glauberg, found in an Early La Tène funeral complex in Glauberg (Hesse). Research focused also on two other fragments of related sandstone sculptures, found together with the Glauberger prince. The sandstone "prince"of Glauberg was already in the past a subject of many archaeological studies. Nevertheless, all or absolute majority of them were focused on aspects of art historian nature or on the question of the origin, role and function of such sculptures in the Early Iron Age Central Europe. On the contrary, the aim of our research is oriented exclusively on the questions related to the manufacture of this sculpture, identification of used sculptor´s tools and applied working techniques. Our research was realised by means of digital documentation followed by the aplication of traceological methods. The character of the survived working traces on the sculpture´s surfaces was studied by mechanoscopy, while the material of used tools was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The reconstructions of used tools were compared with the existing tools as represented by the Iron Age archaeological finds. This comparison was oriented on the most relevant regions of developed La Tène culture, particularly on South Western Germany and Bohemia. However, also other relevant area, significant as the possible source of inspiration of Celtic sculptors for the creation of the monumental sculpture-Apennine peninsula, was taken into consideration. Our research revealed individual steps and phases during the sculpture´s manufacture, enabled the reconstrucion of used tools and confirmed real existence of such tools in mentioned regions. Finally it has brought first indices of the necessity of the distinguishing between ideological and technological aspects of related Celtic sculpture, when considering possible influence of Apennine peninsula on transalpine Central Europe.
文章介绍了对在格劳堡（黑森州）早期拉登文化墓地复合体中发现的著名格劳堡王子雕像进行的复杂痕迹研究的结果。研究还集中在另外两件与砂岩雕塑相关的碎片上，这些碎片与格劳堡王子一起被发现。格劳堡砂岩“王子”过去已经是许多考古研究的主题。然而，它们全部或绝对多数都集中在艺术史学家性质的方面，或者集中在这种雕塑在中欧早期铁器时代的起源、作用和功能上。相反，我们的研究目的完全是关于制造这种雕塑的问题，确定使用的雕塑家工具和应用的工作技术。我们的研究是通过数字文件记录，然后应用痕迹学方法来实现的。通过机械学研究了雕塑表面上幸存的工作痕迹的特征，而使用工具的材料则通过 X 射线荧光确定。使用工具的重建与铁器时代考古发现中代表的现有工具进行了比较。这种比较针对的是发展良好的拉登文化的最相关地区，特别是德国西南部和波希米亚。然而，也考虑了其他相关地区，这些地区是凯尔特雕塑家创作大型雕塑——亚平宁半岛的灵感来源，具有重要意义。我们的研究揭示了雕塑制造过程中的各个步骤和阶段，能够重建使用的工具，并证实了在这些地区确实存在这种工具。最后，它首先指出了在考虑亚平宁半岛对跨阿尔卑斯山的中欧可能产生的影响时，需要区分相关凯尔特雕塑的意识形态和技术方面。
